In May 2018, an interdisciplinary group of researchers from Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, MBARI, the Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI), and other organizations conducted a month-long research cruise to the "White Shark Café." Half way between California and Hawaii, this remote part of the Pacific Ocean is a gathering area for white sharks, and the researchers were trying to find out why.
The researchers tracked 20 individual sharks to the Café using pop-up satellite tags. The tags were programmed to pop off the sharks during the cruise. The researchers were able to recover 10 of these tags, containing invaluable data about the sharks' migration. These tags also gave the researchers new details about deep dives that the sharks make while at the White Shark Café.
The researchers then used a variety of oceanographic instruments and sea-going robots, along with SOI's state-of-the-art research vessel Falkor, to study ocean conditions and marine life at the White Shark Café.
MBARI deep-sea biologist Bruce Robison used SOI's remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian to study the animals at depths frequented by the sharks. In the video below Robison describes some of the animals he observed during these dives.
Robison said, "For me, there is no substitute for direct observation. I want to see what's there. If I can't go down myself, then the next best thing is to use a remotely operated vehicle."
Other researchers used echo sounders and dragged nets through the depths to find out what kinds of squids, fish, and other hard-bodied animals live in the depths. They also used "environmental DNA" to test for the presence of sharks and their prey.
Lead researcher Barbara Block described the initial results of this research, "We found a high diversity of deep sea fish and squids (over 100 species), which in combination with observations made by the ROV and DNA sequencing, demonstrate a viable trophic pathway to support large pelagic organisms such as sharks and tunas."
Although this part of the Pacific Ocean has been considered an "oceanic desert," the researchers found deep layers of phytoplankton (microscopic marine algae) that were not visible in satellite images. These algae, along with the larger animals observed, suggest that the area is more biologically productive than the researchers expected.
In addition to showing that this area an "ocean oasis" rather than a desert, Robison noted, "Our survey using a variety of oceanographic tools provides a benchmark on how to census the open ocean."
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