Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1029/2018JD029849 |
Water Vapor, Clouds, and Saturation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer | |
Schoeberl, M. R.1; Jensen, E. J.2; Pfister, L.2; Ueyama, R.2; Wang, T.3,4; Selkirk, H.3,5; Avery, M.6; Thornberry, T.7,8; Dessler, A. E.9 | |
2019-04-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
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ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 124期号:7页码:3984-4003 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | The goal of this investigation is to understand the mechanism behind the observed high relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) in the tropical region between similar to 14 km (150 hPa) and the tropopause, often referred to as the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). As shown by satellite, aircraft, and balloon observations, high (>80%) RHi regions are widespread within the TTL. Regions with the highest RHi are colocated with extensive cirrus. During boreal winter, the TTL RHi is highest over the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) with a weaker maximum over South America and Africa. In the winter, TTL temperatures are coldest and upward motion is the greatest in the TWP. It is this upward motion, driving humid air into the colder upper troposphere that produces the persistent high RHi and cirrus formation. Back trajectory calculations show that comparable adiabatic and diabatic processes contribute to this upward motion. We construct a bulk model of TWP TTL water vapor transport that includes cloud nucleation and ice microphysics that quantifies how upward motion drives the persistent high RHi in the TTL region. We find that atmospheric waves triggering cloud formation regulate the RHi and that convection dehydrates the TTL. Our forward domain-filling trajectory model is used to more precisely simulate the TTL spatial and vertical distribution of RHi. The observed RHi distribution is reproduced by the model, and we show that convection increases RHi below the base of the TTL with little impact on the RHi in the TTL region. Plain Language Summary Satellite, aircraft, and balloon observations show that the upper tropical tropospheric humidity is close to saturation. This high humidity is the result of the near-continuous upward movement of water vapor from the midtroposphere into the colder upper troposphere that results in extensive cirrus formation. Bulk and trajectory model simulations show how this process works and that convective injection of water into the tropical upper troposphere is relatively unimportant. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000467147400022 |
WOS关键词 | UPPER TROPOSPHERE ; STRATOSPHERIC WATER ; CIRRUS CLOUDS ; PHYSICAL PROCESSES ; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS ; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY ; LAND CONVECTION ; GRAVITY-WAVES ; ICE ; DEHYDRATION |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/182422 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA; 2.NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 3.Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA; 4.Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; 5.Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA; 6.NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA; 7.Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 8.Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 9.Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schoeberl, M. R.,Jensen, E. J.,Pfister, L.,et al. Water Vapor, Clouds, and Saturation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2019,124(7):3984-4003. |
APA | Schoeberl, M. R..,Jensen, E. J..,Pfister, L..,Ueyama, R..,Wang, T..,...&Dessler, A. E..(2019).Water Vapor, Clouds, and Saturation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,124(7),3984-4003. |
MLA | Schoeberl, M. R.,et al."Water Vapor, Clouds, and Saturation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 124.7(2019):3984-4003. |
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