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DOI | 10.5194/acp-19-5387-2019 |
Mixed-phase orographic cloud microphysics during StormVEx and IFRACS | |
Lowenthal, Douglas H.1; Hallar, A. Gannet1,2; David, Robert O.3,4; McCubbin, Ian B.1; Borys, Randolph D.1; Mace, Gerald G.2 | |
2019-04-24 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 19期号:8页码:5387-5401 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Switzerland; Norway |
英文摘要 | Wintertime mixed-phase orographic cloud (MPC) measurements were conducted at the Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) during the Storm Peak Lab Cloud Property Validation Experiment (StormVEx) and Isotopic Fractionation in Snow (IFRACS) programs in 2011 and 2014, respectively. The data include 92 h of simultaneous measurements of supercooled liquid cloud droplet and ice particle size distributions (PSDs). Average cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), droplet size (NMD), and liquid water content (LWC) were similar in both years, while ice particle concentration (N-i) and ice water content (IWC) were higher during IFRACS. The consistency of the liquid cloud suggests that SPL is essentially a cloud chamber that produces a consistent cloud under moist, westerly flow during the winter. A variable cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-related inverse relationship between CDNC and NMD strengthened when the data were stratified by LWC. Some of this variation is due to changes in cloud base height below SPL. While there was a weak inverse correlation between LWC and IWC in the data as a whole, a stronger relationship was demonstrated for a case study on 9 February 2014 during IFRACS. A minimum LWC of 0.05 gm(-3) showed that the cloud was not completely glaciated on this day. Erosion of the droplet distribution at high IWC was attributed to the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process as the high IWC was accompanied by a 10-fold increase in N-i. A relationship between large cloud droplet concentration (25-35 mu m) and small ice particles (75-200 mu m) under cold (< -8 degrees C) but not warm (> -8 degrees C) conditions during IFRACS suggests primary ice particle production by contact or immersion freezing. The effect of blowing snow was evaluated from the relationship between wind speed and Ni and by comparing the relative (percent) ice particle PSDs at high and low wind speeds. These were similar, contrary to expectation for blowing snow. However, the correlation between wind speed and ice crystal concentration may support this explanation for high crystal concentrations at the surface. Secondary processes could have contributed to high crystal concentrations but there was no direct evidence to support this. Further experimental work is needed to resolve these issues. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000465632500001 |
WOS关键词 | CONDENSATION NUCLEI ; NORTHERN COLORADO ; WINTERTIME STORMS ; ICE NUCLEATION ; WATER-CONTENT ; SNOW GROWTH ; AEROSOL ; PRECIPITATION ; MOUNTAINS ; IMPACT |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/182449 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89509 USA; 2.Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; 3.Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; 4.Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, POB 1022, N-0315 Oslo, Norway |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lowenthal, Douglas H.,Hallar, A. Gannet,David, Robert O.,et al. Mixed-phase orographic cloud microphysics during StormVEx and IFRACS[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(8):5387-5401. |
APA | Lowenthal, Douglas H.,Hallar, A. Gannet,David, Robert O.,McCubbin, Ian B.,Borys, Randolph D.,&Mace, Gerald G..(2019).Mixed-phase orographic cloud microphysics during StormVEx and IFRACS.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(8),5387-5401. |
MLA | Lowenthal, Douglas H.,et al."Mixed-phase orographic cloud microphysics during StormVEx and IFRACS".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.8(2019):5387-5401. |
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