Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-19-6749-2019 |
Contrasting physical properties of black carbon in urban Beijing between winter and summer | |
Liu, Dantong1,2; Joshi, Rutambhara2,5; Wang, Junfeng4; Yu, Chenjie2; Allan, James D.2,5; Coe, Hugh2; Flynn, Michael J.2; Xie, Conghui3; Lee, James6,7; Squires, Freya6,7; Kotthaus, Simone8; Grimmond, Sue8; Ge, Xinlei4; Sun, Yele3; Fu, Pingqing3 | |
2019-05-21 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 19期号:10页码:6749-6769 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Peoples R China; England |
英文摘要 | Black carbon (BC) is known to have major impacts on both human health and climate. The populated megacity represents the most complex anthropogenic BC emissions where the sources and related impacts are very uncertain. This study provides source attribution and characterization of BC in the Beijing urban environment during the joint UK-China APHH (Air Pollution and Human Health) project, in both winter (November-December 2016) and summer (May-June 2017). The size-resolved mixing state of BC-containing particles was characterized by a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) and their mass spectra was measured by a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The refractory BC (rBC) mass loading was around a factor of 2 higher in winter relative to summer, and more variable coatings were present, likely as a result of additional surface emissions from the residential sector and favourable condensation in the cold season. The characteristics of the BC were relatively independent of air mass direction in summer, whereas in winter air masses from the Northern Plateau were considerably cleaner and contained less-coated and smaller BC, but the BC from the Southern Plateau had the largest core size and coatings. We compare two online source apportionment methods using simultaneous measurements made by the SP2, which measures physical properties of BC, and the chemical approach using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) of mass spectra from the SP-AMS for the first time. A method is proposed to isolate the BC from the transportation sector using a mode of small BC particles (core diameter D-c < 0.18 mu m and coating thickness ct < 50 nm). This mode of BC highly correlated with NOx concentration in both seasons (similar to 14 ng m(-3) BC ppb(-1) NOx) and corresponded with the morning traffic rush hour, contributing about 30 % and 40 % of the total rBC mass (35 % and 55 % in number) in winter and summer respectively. The BC from coal burning or biomass burning was characterized by moderate coatings (ct = 50-200 nm) contributing similar to 20 %-25 % of rBC mass. Large uncoated BC particles (D-c > 0.18 mu m and ct < 50 nm) were more likely to be contributed by coal combustion, as these particles were not present in urban London. This mode was present in Beijing in both winter (similar to 30 %-40 % rBC mass) and summer (similar to 40 % rBC mass) but may be dominated by the residential and industrial sector respectively. The contribution of BC thickly coated with secondary species (ct > 200 nm) to the total rBC mass increased with pollution level in winter but was minor in summer. These large BC particles importantly enhanced the absorption efficiency at high pollution levels - in winter when PM1 > 100 mu g m(-3) or BC > 2 mu g m(-3), the absorption efficiency of BC increased by 25 %-70 %. The reduction of emissions of these large BC particles and the precursors of the associated secondary coating will be an effective way of mitigating the heating effect of BC in urban environments. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000468590900002 |
WOS关键词 | AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER ; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER ; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT ; MIXING STATE ; ELEMENTAL CARBON ; LIGHT-ABSORPTION ; AIR-QUALITY ; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION ; PARTICULATE MATTER ; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/183316 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; 2.Univ Manchester, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China; 4.Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; 5.Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; 6.Univ York, Dept Chem, York, N Yorkshire, England; 7.Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England; 8.Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Liu, Dantong,Joshi, Rutambhara,Wang, Junfeng,et al. Contrasting physical properties of black carbon in urban Beijing between winter and summer[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(10):6749-6769. |
APA | Liu, Dantong.,Joshi, Rutambhara.,Wang, Junfeng.,Yu, Chenjie.,Allan, James D..,...&Fu, Pingqing.(2019).Contrasting physical properties of black carbon in urban Beijing between winter and summer.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(10),6749-6769. |
MLA | Liu, Dantong,et al."Contrasting physical properties of black carbon in urban Beijing between winter and summer".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.10(2019):6749-6769. |
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