GSTDTAP  > 地球科学
DOI10.5194/acp-19-7667-2019
Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes
Shechner, Moshe1; Guenther, Alex2; Rhew, Robert3,4; Wishkerman, Asher5; Li, Qian1; Blake, Donald6; Lerner, Gil1; Tas, Eran1
2019-06-07
发表期刊ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
ISSN1680-7316
EISSN1680-7324
出版年2019
卷号19期号:11页码:7667-7690
文章类型Article
语种英语
国家Israel; USA
英文摘要

Volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs), such as methyl halides (CH3X; X is Br, Cl and I) and very short-lived halogenated substances (VSLSs; bromoform - CHBr3, dibromomethane - CH2Br2, bromodichloromethane - CHBrCl2, trichloroethylene - C2HCl3, chloroform - CHCl3 - and dibromochloromethane - CHBr2Cl) are well known for their significant influence on ozone concentrations and oxidation capacity of the troposphere and stratosphere and for their key role in aerosol formation. Insufficient characterization of the sources and the emission rate of VHOCs limits our ability to understand and assess their impact in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Over the last two decades, several natural terrestrial sources for VHOCs, including soil and vegetation, have been identified, but our knowledge of emission rates from these sources and their responses to changes in ambient conditions remains limited. Here we report measurements of the mixing ratios and fluxes of several chlorinated and brominated VHOCs from different landscapes and natural and agricultural vegetated sites at the Dead Sea during different seasons. Fluxes were generally positive (emission into the atmosphere), corresponding to elevated mixing ratios, but were highly variable. Fluxes (and mixing ratios) for the investigated VHOCs ranged as follows: CHBr3 from -79 to 187 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (1.9 to 22.6 pptv), CH2Br2 from -55 to 71 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (0.7 to 19 pptv), CHBr2Cl from -408 to 768 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (0.4 to 11 pptv), CHBrCl2 from -29 to 45 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (0.5 to 9.6 pptv), CHCl3 from -577 to 883 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (15 to 57 pptv), C2HCl3 from -74 to 884 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (0.4 to 11 pptv), methyl chloride (CH3Cl) from -5300 to 10,800 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (530 to 730 pptv), methyl bromide (CH3Br) from -111 to 118 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (7.5 to 14 pptv) and methyl iodide (CH3I) from -25 to 17 nmol m(-2) d(-1) (0.4 to 2.8 pptv).


Taking into account statistical uncertainties, the coastal sites (particularly those where soil is mixed with salt deposits) were identified as sources of all VHOCs, but this was not statistically significant for CHCl3. Further away from the coastal area, the bare soil sites were sources for CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, CHCl3, and probably also for CH2Br2 and CH3I, and the agricultural sites were sources for CHBr3, CHBr2Cl and CHBrCl2. In contrast to previous reports, we also observed emissions of brominated trihalomethanes, with net molar fluxes ordered as follows: CHBr2Cl> CHCl3 > CHBr3 > CHBrCl2 and lowest positive flux incidence for CHCl3 among all trihalomethanes; this finding can be explained by the soil's enrichment with Br. Correlation analysis, in agreement with recent studies, indicated common controls for the emission of CHBr2Cl and CHBrCl2 and likely also for CHBr3. There were no indications for correlation of the brominated trihalomethanes with CHCl3. Also in line with previous reports, we observed elevated emissions of CHCl3 and C2HCl3 from mixtures of soil and different salt-deposited structures; the flux correlations between these compounds and methyl halides (particularly CH3I) suggested that at least CH3I is also emitted via similar mechanisms or is subjected to similar controls. Overall, our results indicate elevated emission of VHOCs from bare soil under semiarid conditions. Along with other recent studies, our findings point to the strong emission potential of a suite of VHOCs from saline soils and salt lakes and call for additional studies of emission rates and mechanisms of VHOCs from saline soils and salt lakes.


领域地球科学
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000470841300002
WOS关键词METHYL-CHLORIDE EMISSIONS ; BOUNDARY-LAYER ; ATMOSPHERIC BROMOFORM ; HALOCARBON EMISSIONS ; ABIOTIC FORMATION ; HALIDE EMISSIONS ; BROMINE OXIDE ; FLUXES ; COASTAL ; SALT
WOS类目Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
引用统计
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/184016
专题地球科学
作者单位1.Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, Rehovot, Israel;
2.Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA;
3.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
4.Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
5.Ruppin Acad Ctr, Fac Marine Sci, Mikhmoret, Israel;
6.Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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Shechner, Moshe,Guenther, Alex,Rhew, Robert,et al. Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(11):7667-7690.
APA Shechner, Moshe.,Guenther, Alex.,Rhew, Robert.,Wishkerman, Asher.,Li, Qian.,...&Tas, Eran.(2019).Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(11),7667-7690.
MLA Shechner, Moshe,et al."Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.11(2019):7667-7690.
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