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DOI | 10.1029/2019JD030693 |
The Plasma Nature of Lightning Channels and the Resulting Nonlinear Resistance | |
da Silva, C. L.1,2; Sonnenfeld, R. G.1,2; Edens, H. E.1,2; Krehbiel, P. R.1,2; Quick, M. G.3; Koshak, W. J.4 | |
2019-08-27 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
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ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 124期号:16页码:9442-9463 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | Lightning channels are made of plasma. As a consequence, the driving electrical current changes the channel's resistance in a nonlinear fashion. The resistance has an intricate dependence on the history of Joule heating and various cooling processes, as well as on the various kinetic processes that dictate the population balance of electrons within the channel. Such dependence cannot be captured by an analytic function, as often attempted. In this paper, we introduce a minimal numerical model that can qualitatively capture the temporal dynamics of the key plasma properties of a lightning channel, including its electric field, temperature, plasma density, radius, and the resulting nonlinear resistance. Through a series of novel parameterizations, we introduce six zero-dimensional equations that can capture both nonequilibrium/low-temperature and local thermodynamic equilibrium/high-temperature plasma regimes. In this manuscript, we go to great lengths to validate the model, showing that it can reproduce the finite time scale of streamer-to-leader transition, replicate the negative differential resistance behavior of steady-state plasma arcs, and properly describe the temporal evolution of temperature in a return stroke channel. Finally, the model is applied to the simulation of optical emissions from rocket-triggered lightning strikes, explaining the measured delay between the rise of current and visible light, as well as reproducing the direct relationship between peak current and peak radiated power and between charge transferred to ground and total radiated energy. Plain Language Summary A number of unsolved puzzles in lightning physics are rooted in the plasma nature of lightning channels. One such example is why do negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes transfer charge to ground in a series of multiple strikes that reuse the same channel, while positive flashes mostly have a single stroke? In this paper we introduce a computer simulation tool to capture the plasma nature of lightning and model its properties. One of the key results presented here is the model's ability to explain the experimentally derived relationship between optical and electrical properties in triggered lightning flashes. |
英文关键词 | lightning plasma return stroke streamer leader arc |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000490762800031 |
WOS关键词 | TO-SPARK TRANSITION ; RETURN-STROKE ; LEADER CHANNEL ; PULSED DISCHARGE ; ARC RESISTANCE ; ELECTRIC-FIELD ; AIR ; PROPAGATION ; SIMULATION ; DYNAMICS |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/186167 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA; 2.New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA; 3.Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; 4.NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | da Silva, C. L.,Sonnenfeld, R. G.,Edens, H. E.,et al. The Plasma Nature of Lightning Channels and the Resulting Nonlinear Resistance[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2019,124(16):9442-9463. |
APA | da Silva, C. L.,Sonnenfeld, R. G.,Edens, H. E.,Krehbiel, P. R.,Quick, M. G.,&Koshak, W. J..(2019).The Plasma Nature of Lightning Channels and the Resulting Nonlinear Resistance.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,124(16),9442-9463. |
MLA | da Silva, C. L.,et al."The Plasma Nature of Lightning Channels and the Resulting Nonlinear Resistance".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 124.16(2019):9442-9463. |
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