GSTDTAP  > 资源环境科学
DOI10.1029/2017WR021448
Saving Energy From Urban Water Demand Management
Escriva-Bou, A.1; Lund, J. R.2; Pulido-Velazquez, M.3
2018-07-01
发表期刊WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
ISSN0043-1397
EISSN1944-7973
出版年2018
卷号54期号:7页码:4265-4276
文章类型Article
语种英语
国家USA; Spain
英文摘要

Water use directly causes a significant amount of energy use in cities. In this paper we assessed energy and carbon dioxide emissions related to each part of the urban water cycle and the consequences of some water demand management policies in terms of water, energy, and CO2 emissions in urban water users, water and energy utilities, and the environment. First, we developed an hourly model of urban water uses by customer category, including water-related energy consumption. Next, using real data from the East Bay Municipal Utility District in California, we calibrated a model of the energy used in water supply, treatment, pumping, and wastewater treatment by the utility, obtaining also energy costs. Then, using data from the California Independent System Operator, we obtained hourly costs of energy generation and transport to the point of use for the energy utility. Finally, using average emission factors reported by energy utilities, we estimated greenhouse gas emissions for the entire urban water cycle. Results for East Bay Municipal Utility District show that water end uses account for almost 95% of all water-related energy use; however, the remaining 5% of energy used by the utility still costs over USD12 million annually. The carbon footprint of the urban water cycle is 372 kg CO2/person/year, representing approximately 4% of the total per capita emissions in California. Several simulations analyze the consequences of different water demand management policies, resulting in significant economic impacts for water and energy utilities and environmental benefits by reducing CO2 emissions.


领域资源环境
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000442502100004
WOS关键词RESIDENTIAL WATER ; CALIFORNIA ; CONSERVATION ; EFFICIENCY ; EMISSIONS ; NEXUS
WOS类目Environmental Sciences ; Limnology ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Water Resources
引用统计
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/19990
专题资源环境科学
作者单位1.Publ Policy Inst Calif, Water Policy Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA;
2.Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA;
3.Univ Politecn Valencia, Res Inst Water & Environm Engn, IIAMA, Valencia, Spain
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GB/T 7714
Escriva-Bou, A.,Lund, J. R.,Pulido-Velazquez, M.. Saving Energy From Urban Water Demand Management[J]. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH,2018,54(7):4265-4276.
APA Escriva-Bou, A.,Lund, J. R.,&Pulido-Velazquez, M..(2018).Saving Energy From Urban Water Demand Management.WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH,54(7),4265-4276.
MLA Escriva-Bou, A.,et al."Saving Energy From Urban Water Demand Management".WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 54.7(2018):4265-4276.
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