Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1812312116 |
Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer | |
Gertler, Charles G.; 39;Gorman, Paul A. | |
2019 | |
发表期刊 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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ISSN | 0027-8424 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 116期号:10页码:4105-4110 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | The circulation of the Northern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere has changed over recent decades, with marked decreases in extratropical cyclone activity and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in summer and increases in the fraction of precipitation that is convective in all seasons. Decreasing EKE in summer is partly explained by a weakening meridional temperature gradient, but changes in vertical temperature gradients and increasing moisture also affect the mean available potential energy (MAPE), which is the energetic reservoir from which extratropical cyclones draw. Furthermore, the relation of changes in mean thermal structure and moisture to changes in convection associated with extratropical cyclones is poorly understood. Here we calculate trends in MAPE for the Northern extratropics in summer over the years 1979-2017, and we decompose MAPE into both convective and nonconvective components. Nonconvective MAPE decreased over this period, consistent with decreases in EKE and extratropical cyclone activity, but convective MAPE increased, implying an increase in the energy available to convection. Calculations with idealized atmospheres indicate that nonconvective and convective MAPE both increase with increasing mean surface temperature and decrease with decreasing meridional surface temperature gradient, but convective MAPE is relatively more sensitive to the increase in mean surface temperature. These results connect changes in the atmospheric mean state with changes in both large-scale and convective circulations, and they suggest that extratropical cyclones can weaken even as their associated convection becomes more energetic. |
英文关键词 | climate change available energy extratropical cyclones convection |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000460242100032 |
WOS关键词 | POTENTIAL-ENERGY ; MACROTURBULENCE ; CLIMATOLOGY ; SIMULATIONS ; IMPACTS ; EDDIES ; BIAS |
WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/205060 |
专题 | 地球科学 资源环境科学 气候变化 |
作者单位 | MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Gertler, Charles G.,39;Gorman, Paul A.. Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2019,116(10):4105-4110. |
APA | Gertler, Charles G.,&39;Gorman, Paul A..(2019).Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,116(10),4105-4110. |
MLA | Gertler, Charles G.,et al."Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 116.10(2019):4105-4110. |
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