Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1002/2017WR022265 |
The State of US Urban Water: Data and the Energy-Water Nexus | |
Chini, Christopher M.; Stillwell, Ashlynn S. | |
2018-03-01 | |
发表期刊 | WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
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ISSN | 0043-1397 |
EISSN | 1944-7973 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 54期号:3页码:1796-1811 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | Data on urban water resources are scarce, despite a majority of the U.S. population residing in urban environments. Further, information on the energy required to facilitate the treatment, distribution, and collection of urban water are even more limited. In this study, we evaluate the energy-for-water component of the energy-water nexus by providing and analyzing a unique primary database consisting of drinking water and wastewater utility flows and energy. These anthropogenic fluxes of water through the urban environment are used to assess the state of the U.S. urban energy-water nexus at over 160 utilities. The average daily per person water flux is estimated at 560 L of drinking water and 500 L of wastewater. Drinking water and wastewater utilities require 340 kWh/1,000 m(3) and 430 kWh/1,000 m(3) of energy, respectively, to treat these resources. The total national energy demand for water utilities accounts for 1.0% of the total annual electricity consumption of the United States. Additionally, the water and embedded energy loss associated with non-revenue water accounts for 9.1 x 10(9) m(3) of water and 3,100 GWh, enough electricity to power 300,000 U.S. households annually. Finally, the water flux and embedded energy fluctuated monthly in many cities. As the nation's water resources become increasingly scarce and unpredictable, it is essential to have a set of empirical data for continuous evaluation and updates on the state of the U.S. urban energy-water nexus. |
英文关键词 | energy-water nexus urban water material flow analysis energy-for-water |
领域 | 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000430364900022 |
WOS关键词 | METABOLISM ; FUTURE ; CITIES |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Limnology ; Water Resources |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Water Resources |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/21420 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
作者单位 | Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Chini, Christopher M.,Stillwell, Ashlynn S.. The State of US Urban Water: Data and the Energy-Water Nexus[J]. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH,2018,54(3):1796-1811. |
APA | Chini, Christopher M.,&Stillwell, Ashlynn S..(2018).The State of US Urban Water: Data and the Energy-Water Nexus.WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH,54(3),1796-1811. |
MLA | Chini, Christopher M.,et al."The State of US Urban Water: Data and the Energy-Water Nexus".WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 54.3(2018):1796-1811. |
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