Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
IPCC report on future of ocean and cryosphere | |
admin | |
2019-09-25 | |
发布年 | 2019 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 英国 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
正文(英文) |
The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate was produced by more than 100 authors from 36 countries, using the latest scientific literature and referencing around 7000 scientific publications, and will be a key input to the upcoming UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Chile this December. Major changes in high mountains affecting downstream communitiesPeople in high mountain regions are increasingly exposed to hazards and changes in water availability, as glaciers, snow, ice and permafrost decline, leading to landslides, avalanches and other dangers. Smaller glaciers across the world are projected to lose more than 80% of current ice mass under a high emission scenario, affecting water availability and quality, and requiring integrated water management and transboundary cooperation to address these impacts. Melting ice, rising seasWith glaciers and ice sheets losing mass, sea levels are rising; the global sea level has risen by around 15cm during the 20th century, but is now rising twice as fast, and accelerating. Levels could rise by around 30-60 cm by 2100 even if emissions are sharply reduced, but by around 60-110 cm if emissions continue to grow. More frequent extreme sea level eventsThis sea level rise will increase the frequency of extreme events such as high tides and intense storms, with indications that any degree of additional warming will lead to once-in-a-century events occurring every year in many regions. Major investments in adaptation will be required to avoid the escalating flood risks, and some island nations are likely to become uninhabitable. Changing ocean ecosystemsTo date, the ocean has taken up more than 90% of excess heat in the climate system, causing disruptions to species throughout the ocean food web, with impacts on marine ecosystems and the people that depend on them. Marine heatwaves have doubled in frequency since 1982, and are projected to continue increasing in frequency, duration, extent and intensity. Declining Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrostDeclines in sea ice are continuing rapidly, but could be limited to an ice-free September only once a century if global warming is stabilised at 1.5°C, as compared to once every three years at 2°C warming. Permafrost ground, which holds large amounts of organic carbon, is projected to undergo widespread thawing in the 21st century, even if global warming is limited. Knowledge for urgent actionThe report finds that strongly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting and restoring ecosystems, and carefully managing the use of natural resources would make it possible to preserve the ocean and cryosphere as a source of opportunities that support adaptation to future changes, limit risks to livelihoods and offer multiple additional societal benefits. This is the first IPCC report that highlights the importance of education to enhance climate change, ocean and cryosphere literacy. “We will only be able to keep global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels if we effect unprecedented transitions in all aspects of society, including energy, land and ecosystems, urban and infrastructure as well as industry. The ambitious climate policies and emissions reductions required to deliver the Paris Agreement will also protect the ocean and cryosphere – and ultimately sustain all life on Earth,” said Debra Roberts, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II. |
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来源平台 | Plymouth Marine Laboratory |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/217123 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. IPCC report on future of ocean and cryosphere. 2019. |
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