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DOI | 10.5194/acp-19-14431-2019 |
Long-term total OH reactivity measurements in a boreal forest | |
Praplan, Arnaud P.1; Tykka, Toni1; Chen, Dean2; Boy, Michael2; Taipale, Ditte2; Vakkari, Ville1,3; Zhou, Putian2; Petaja, Tuukka2; Hellen, Heidi1 | |
2019-11-29 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 19期号:23页码:14431-14453 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Finland; South Africa |
英文摘要 | Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements were conducted at the second Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II), a boreal forest site located in Hyytiala, Finland, from April to July 2016. The measured values were compared with OH reactivity calculated from a combination of data from the routine trace gas measurements (station mast) as well as online and offline analysis with a gas chromatographer coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and offline liquid chromatography. Up to 104 compounds, mostly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxidized VOCs, but also inorganic compounds, were included in the analysis, even though the data availability for each compound varied with time. The monthly averaged experimental total OH reactivity was found to be higher in April and May (ca. 20 s(-1)) than in June and July (7.6 and 15.4 s(-1), respectively). The measured values varied much more in spring with high reactivity peaks in late afternoon, with values higher than in the summer, in particular when the soil was thawing. Total OH reactivity values generally followed the pattern of mixing ratios due to change of the boundary layer height. The missing reactivity fraction (defined as the difference between measured and calculated OH reactivity) was found to be high. Several reasons that can explain the missing reactivity are discussed in detail such as (1) missing measurements due to technical issues, (2) not measuring oxidation compounds of detected biogenic VOCs, and (3) missing important reactive compounds or classes of compounds with the available measurements. In order to test the second hypothesis, a one-dimensional chemical transport model (SOSAA) has been used to estimate the amount of unmeasured oxidation products and their expected contribution to the reactivity for three different short periods in April, May, and July. However, only a small fraction (< 4.5 %) of the missing reactivity can be explained by modelled secondary compounds (mostly oxidized VOCs). These findings indicate that compounds measured but not included in the model as well as unmeasured primary emissions contribute the missing reactivity. In the future, non-hydrocarbon compounds from sources other than vegetation (e.g. soil) should be included in OH reactivity studies. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000500014600001 |
WOS关键词 | VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION ; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ; CHEMICAL MECHANISM ; RADICAL REACTIVITY ; BOUNDARY-LAYER ; SULFURIC-ACID ; AMBIENT AIR ; RAIN-FOREST ; NEW-MODEL |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/224092 |
专题 | 环境与发展全球科技态势 |
作者单位 | 1.Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland; 2.Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; 3.North West Univ, Unit Environm Sci & Management, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Praplan, Arnaud P.,Tykka, Toni,Chen, Dean,et al. Long-term total OH reactivity measurements in a boreal forest[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(23):14431-14453. |
APA | Praplan, Arnaud P..,Tykka, Toni.,Chen, Dean.,Boy, Michael.,Taipale, Ditte.,...&Hellen, Heidi.(2019).Long-term total OH reactivity measurements in a boreal forest.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(23),14431-14453. |
MLA | Praplan, Arnaud P.,et al."Long-term total OH reactivity measurements in a boreal forest".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.23(2019):14431-14453. |
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