Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.028 |
Changes of forest cover and disturbance regimes in the mountain forests of the Alps | |
Bebi, P.1; Seidl, R.2; Motta, R.3; Fuhr, M.4; Firm, D.5; Krumm, F.6; Conedera, M.7; Ginzler, C.7; Wohlgemuth, T.7; Kulakowski, D.1,8 | |
2017-03-15 | |
发表期刊 | FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT |
ISSN | 0378-1127 |
EISSN | 1872-7042 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 388 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Switzerland; Austria; Italy; France; Slovenia; Germany; USA |
英文摘要 | Natural disturbances, such as avalanches, snow breakage, insect outbreaks, windthrow or fires shape mountain forests globally. However, in many regions over the past centuries human activities have strongly influenced forest dynamics, especially following natural disturbances, thus limiting our understanding of natural ecological processes, particularly in densely-settled regions. In this contribution we briefly review the current understanding of changes in forest cover, forest structure, and disturbance regimes in the mountain forests across the European Alps over the past millennia. We also quantify changes in forest cover across the entire Alps based on inventory data over the past century. Finally, using the Swiss Alps as an example, we analyze in-depth changes in forest cover and forest structure and their effect on patterns of fire and wind disturbances, based on digital historic maps from 1880, modern forest cover maps, inventory data on current forest structure, topographical data, and spatially explicit data on disturbances. This multifaceted approach presents a long-term and detailed picture of the dynamics of mountain forest ecosystems in the Alps. During pre-industrial times, natural disturbances were reduced by fire suppression and land-use, which included extraction of large amounts of biomass that decreased total forest cover. More recently, forest cover has increased again across the entire Alps (on average +4% per decade over the past 25115 years). Live tree volume (+10% per decade) and dead tree volume (mean +59% per decade) have increased over the last 1540 years in all regions for which data were available. In the Swiss Alps secondary forests that established after 1880 constitute approximately 43% of the forest cover. Compared to forests established previously, post-1880 forests are situated primarily on steep slopes (>30 degrees), have lower biomass, a more aggregated forest structure (primarily stem-exclusion stage), and have been more strongly affected by fires, but less affected by wind disturbance in the 20th century. More broadly, an increase in growing stock and expanding forest areas since the mid-19th century have - along with climatic changes - contributed to an increasing frequency and size of disturbances in the Alps. Although many areas remain intensively managed, the extent, structure, and dynamics of the forests of the Alps reflect natural drivers more strongly today than at any time in the past millennium. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | Land-use history Secondary succession Disturbance interactions European Alps Snow avalanches Windthrow Forest fire |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000399521200005 |
WOS关键词 | SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN LANDSCAPES ; LAND-USE CHANGES ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; NORWAY SPRUCE ; NATURAL DISTURBANCES ; CENTRAL-EUROPE ; URBAN INTERFACE ; BEETLE OUTBREAK ; FIRE HISTORY ; DYNAMICS |
WOS类目 | Forestry |
WOS研究方向 | Forestry |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/22508 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland; 2.Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU, Vienna, Austria; 3.Univ Turin, DISAFA, Largo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; 4.Univ Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France; 5.Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Forestry & Renewable Forest Resources, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 6.European Forest Inst, Freiburg, Germany; 7.Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; 8.Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Bebi, P.,Seidl, R.,Motta, R.,et al. Changes of forest cover and disturbance regimes in the mountain forests of the Alps[J]. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,2017,388. |
APA | Bebi, P..,Seidl, R..,Motta, R..,Fuhr, M..,Firm, D..,...&Kulakowski, D..(2017).Changes of forest cover and disturbance regimes in the mountain forests of the Alps.FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,388. |
MLA | Bebi, P.,et al."Changes of forest cover and disturbance regimes in the mountain forests of the Alps".FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 388(2017). |
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