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DOI | 10.1038/s41586-019-1784-0 |
Upper-plate rigidity determines depth-varying rupture behaviour of megathrust earthquakes | |
Valent铆 Sallar猫s; C茅sar R. Ranero | |
2019-11-27 | |
发表期刊 | Nature
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出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 576页码:96-101 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
英文摘要 | Seismological data provide evidence of a depth-dependent rupture behaviour of earthquakes occurring at the megathrust fault of subduction zones, also known as megathrust earthquakes1. Relative to deeper events of similar magnitude, shallow earthquake ruptures have larger slip and longer duration, radiate energy that is depleted in high frequencies and have a larger discrepancy between their surface-wave and moment magnitudes1,2,3. These source properties make them prone to generating devastating tsunamis without clear warning signs. The depth-dependent rupture behaviour is usually attributed to variations in fault mechanics4,5,6,7. Conceptual models, however, have so far failed to identify the fundamental physical causes of the contrasting observations and do not provide a quantitative framework with which to predict and link them. Here we demonstrate that the observed differences do not require changes in fault mechanics. We use compressional-wave velocity models from worldwide subduction zones to show that their common underlying cause is a systematic depth variation of the rigidity at the lower part of the upper plate 鈥?the rock body overriding the megathrust fault, which deforms by dynamic stress transfer during co-seismic slip. Combining realistic elastic properties with accurate estimates of earthquake focal depth enables us to predict the amount of co-seismic slip (the fault motion at the instant of the earthquake), provides unambiguous estimations of magnitude and offers the potential for early tsunami warnings. |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/231897 |
专题 | 地球科学 资源环境科学 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Valent铆 Sallar猫s,C茅sar R. Ranero. Upper-plate rigidity determines depth-varying rupture behaviour of megathrust earthquakes[J]. Nature,2019,576:96-101. |
APA | Valent铆 Sallar猫s,&C茅sar R. Ranero.(2019).Upper-plate rigidity determines depth-varying rupture behaviour of megathrust earthquakes.Nature,576,96-101. |
MLA | Valent铆 Sallar猫s,et al."Upper-plate rigidity determines depth-varying rupture behaviour of megathrust earthquakes".Nature 576(2019):96-101. |
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