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DOI | 10.5194/acp-17-10937-2017 |
Particulate sulfur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere - sources and climate forcing | |
Martinsson, Bengt G.1; Friberg, Johan1; Sandvik, Oscar S.1; Hermann, Markus2; van Velthoven, Peter F. J.3; Zahn, Andreas4 | |
2017-09-15 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 17期号:18 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Sweden; Germany; Netherlands |
英文摘要 | This study is based on fine-mode aerosol samples collected in the upper troposphere (UT) and the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during monthly intercontinental flights at 8.8-12 km altitude of the IAGOS-CARIBIC platform in the time period 1999-2014. The samples were analyzed for a large number of chemical elements using the accelerator-based methods PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) and PESA (particle elastic scattering analysis). Here the particulate sulfur concentrations, obtained by PIXE analysis, are investigated. In addition, the satellite-borne lidar aboard CALIPSO is used to study the stratospheric aerosol load. A steep gradient in particulate sulfur concentration extends several kilometers into the LMS, as a result of increasing dilution towards the tropopause of stratospheric, particulate sulfur-rich air. The stratospheric air is diluted with tropospheric air, forming the extratropical transition layer (ExTL). Observed concentrations are related to the distance to the dynamical tropopause. A linear regression methodology handled seasonal variation and impact from volcanism. This was used to convert each data point into stand-alone estimates of a concentration profile and column concentration of particulate sulfur in a 3 km altitude band above the tropopause. We find distinct responses to volcanic eruptions, and that this layer in the LMS has a significant contribution to the stratospheric aerosol optical depth and thus to its radiative forcing. Further, the origin of UT particulate sulfur shows strong seasonal variation. We find that tropospheric sources dominate during the fall as a result of downward transport of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) formed in the Asian monsoon, whereas transport down from the Junge layer is the main source of UT particulate sulfur in the first half of the year. In this latter part of the year, the stratosphere is the clearly dominating source of particulate sulfur in the UT during times of volcanic influence and under background conditions. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000410778000002 |
WOS关键词 | IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS ; TROPOPAUSE AEROSOL LAYER ; VOLCANIC AEROSOL ; CIVIL AIRCRAFT ; INTERCONTINENTAL FLIGHTS ; SAGE-II ; PARTICLE ; DIOXIDE ; CONTAINER ; REGION |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/23921 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, Lund, Sweden; 2.Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany; 3.Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; 4.Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Martinsson, Bengt G.,Friberg, Johan,Sandvik, Oscar S.,et al. Particulate sulfur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere - sources and climate forcing[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2017,17(18). |
APA | Martinsson, Bengt G.,Friberg, Johan,Sandvik, Oscar S.,Hermann, Markus,van Velthoven, Peter F. J.,&Zahn, Andreas.(2017).Particulate sulfur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere - sources and climate forcing.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,17(18). |
MLA | Martinsson, Bengt G.,et al."Particulate sulfur in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere - sources and climate forcing".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 17.18(2017). |
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