Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2172-5

GSTDTAP > 地球科学

DOI	10.1038/s41586-020-2172-5
	Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano
	Cloutier, Richard 1,2; Clement, Alice M.2; Lee, Michael S. Y.2,3; Noel, Roxanne 1; Bechard, Isabelle 1; Roy, Vincent 1; Long, John A.2
	2020-04-22
发表期刊	NATURE
ISSN	0028-0836
EISSN	1476-4687
出版年	2020
卷号	580 期号:7804 页码:491-+
文章类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
英文关键词	The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai' i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive(1). The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport. Here we show that immediately before and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano' s subsurface increased pore pressure at depths of 1 to 3 kilometres by 0.1 to 1 kilopascals, to its highest pressure in almost 50 years. We propose that weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice was driven by changes in pore pressure within the rift zone, prompting opportunistic dyke intrusion and ultimately facilitating the eruption. A precipitation-induced eruption trigger is consistent with the lack of precursory summit inflation, showing that this intrusion-unlike others-was not caused by the forceful intrusion of new magma into the rift zone. Moreover, statistical analysis of historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing and frequency of Kilauea' s eruptions and intrusions. Thus, volcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards. Notably, the increasingly extreme weather patterns associated with ongoing anthropogenic climate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide. Immediately before and during the eruption of Ki & x304 lauea Volcano in May 2018, anomalously high rainfall increased the pore pressure in the subsurface to its highest level in 50 years, causing weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice.
领域	地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000528065800021
WOS关键词	PORE FLUID PRESSURE ; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE ; SEISMIC ACTIVITY ; ROCK ; PERMEABILITY ; MODULATION ; FAILURE ; HAWAII ; SUMMIT ; MODEL
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
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引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/249210
专题	地球科学资源环境科学
作者单位	1.Univ Quebec Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; 2.Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Sci & Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia; 3.South Australian Museum, Earth Sci Sect, Adelaide, SA, Australia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cloutier, Richard,Clement, Alice M.,Lee, Michael S. Y.,et al. Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano[J]. NATURE,2020,580(7804):491-+.
APA	Cloutier, Richard.,Clement, Alice M..,Lee, Michael S. Y..,Noel, Roxanne.,Bechard, Isabelle.,...&Long, John A..(2020).Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano.NATURE,580(7804),491-+.
MLA	Cloutier, Richard,et al."Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano".NATURE 580.7804(2020):491-+.