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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1916828117 |
Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere | |
Koenig, Theodore K.1,2; Baidar, Sunil1,2,7; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro1,2; Cuevas, Carlos A.3; Dix, Barbara1,8; Fernandez, Rafael P.3,4,5; Guo, Hongyu1,2; Hall, Samuel R.6; Kinnison, Douglas6; Nault, Benjamin A.1,2; Ullmann, Kirk6; Jimenez, Jose L.1,2; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso3; Volkamer, Rainer1,2 | |
2020-01-28 | |
发表期刊 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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ISSN | 0027-8424 |
出版年 | 2020 |
卷号 | 117期号:4页码:1860-1866 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Spain; Argentina |
英文摘要 | Oceanic emissions of iodine destroy ozone, modify oxidative capacity, and can form new particles in the troposphere. However, the impact of iodine in the stratosphere is highly uncertain due to the lack of previous quantitative measurements. Here, we report quantitative measurements of iodine monoxide radicals and particulate iodine (I-y,I-part) from aircraft in the stratosphere. These measurements support that 0.77 +/- 0.10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) total inorganic iodine (I-y) is injected to the stratosphere. These high I-y amounts are indicative of active iodine recycling on ice in the upper troposphere (UT), support the upper end of recent I-y estimates (0 to 0.8 pptv) by the World Meteorological Organization, and are incompatible with zero stratospheric iodine injection. Gas-phase iodine (I-y,I-part) in the UT (0.67 +/- 0.09 pptv) converts to I-y,I-part sharply near the tropopause. In the stratosphere, 10 radicals remain detectable (0.06 +/- 0.03 pptv), indicating persistent I-y,I-gas recycling back to I mas as a result of active multiphase chemistry. At the observed levels, iodine is responsible for 32% of the halogen-induced ozone loss (bromine 40%, chlorine 28%), due primarily to previously unconsidered heterogeneous chemistry. Anthropogenic (pollution) ozone has increased iodine emissions since preindustrial times (ca. factor of 3 since 1950) and could be partly responsible for the continued decrease of ozone in the lower stratosphere. Increasing iodine emissions have implications for ozone radiative forcing and possibly new particle formation near the tropopause. |
英文关键词 | iodine UTLS stratospheric ozone gas phase heterogeneous chemistry |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000509791700012 |
WOS关键词 | HALOGEN CHEMISTRY ; GASEOUS IODINE ; OZONE LOSS ; IN-SITU ; AEROSOL ; EMISSIONS ; OXIDE ; IO ; SOLUBILITIES ; TROPOSPHERE |
WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/249688 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 2.Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 3.Spanish Natl Res Council, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Dept Atmospher Chem & Climate, Madrid 28006, Spain; 4.Natl Univ Cuyo UNCUYO, Sch Nat Sci FCEN, Inst Interdisciplinary Sci ICB, RA-5501 Mendoza, Argentina; 5.Natl Res Council CONICET, RA-5501 Mendoza, Argentina; 6.Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA; 7.NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; 8.Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Koenig, Theodore K.,Baidar, Sunil,Campuzano-Jost, Pedro,et al. Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2020,117(4):1860-1866. |
APA | Koenig, Theodore K..,Baidar, Sunil.,Campuzano-Jost, Pedro.,Cuevas, Carlos A..,Dix, Barbara.,...&Volkamer, Rainer.(2020).Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,117(4),1860-1866. |
MLA | Koenig, Theodore K.,et al."Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 117.4(2020):1860-1866. |
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