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DOI | 10.1002/2017GL073843 |
Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning-induced shock waves and electrical heating | |
Chen, Jiangzhi; Elmi, Chiara; Goldsby, David; Giere, Reto | |
2017-09-16 | |
发表期刊 | GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
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ISSN | 0094-8276 |
EISSN | 1944-8007 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 44期号:17 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | The very rapid energy release from impact events, such as those resulting from lightning strikes or meteorites, can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes which alter rocks and result in the formation of natural glasses (i.e., fulgurites and tektites). Fulgurite is the vitrified soil, sand, or rock resulting from lightning strikes. A thunderbolt is associated with air temperatures of up to 10(5)K, which can heat rocks to >2000K within tens of microseconds. The rapid fusing and subsequent quenching of the surface of the rock leaves a distinctive, thin, garbled coating composed of a glassy to fine-grained porous material. Previous studies on rock fulgurites found planar deformation features in quartz crystals within the target rock substrate, evidence of strong shock waves during fulgurite formation. In this paper, we simulated the shock pressure and temperature caused by an idealized lightning impact on rocks and compared the model results with observations on rock fulgurites from the literature. Our model results indicate that a lightning strike can cause >7GPa pressure on the rock surface, generate a layer of fulgurite (of radius approximate to 9cm), and leave a burned region (of radius approximate to 11cm). The fulgurites found on rock surfaces share many features with sand fulgurites, but their spatial distribution is completely different, as sand fulgurites are hollow tube structures. Our study on rock fulgurites provides an indirect constraint on the energy of a lightning event and also demonstrates that the presence of shock features in rocks cannot be taken as unequivocal evidence for impact events. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000411702400010 |
WOS关键词 | CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY ; STRIKE FUSION ; FULGURITE ; QUARTZ ; DISCHARGE ; FEATURES ; GRANITE |
WOS类目 | Geosciences, Multidisciplinary |
WOS研究方向 | Geology |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/25511 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jiangzhi,Elmi, Chiara,Goldsby, David,et al. Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning-induced shock waves and electrical heating[J]. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2017,44(17). |
APA | Chen, Jiangzhi,Elmi, Chiara,Goldsby, David,&Giere, Reto.(2017).Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning-induced shock waves and electrical heating.GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,44(17). |
MLA | Chen, Jiangzhi,et al."Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning-induced shock waves and electrical heating".GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 44.17(2017). |
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