Incompatibilities between emerging species

doi:10.1126/science.abb8066

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abb8066
	Incompatibilities between emerging species
	Andrius J. Dagilis; Daniel R. Matute
	2020-05-15
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	One defining characteristic of species is reproductive incompatibility; hybrids between two species either do not form or have low fitness. The general explanation is the development of genetic incompatibilities that reduce fitness in hybrids. Such incompatibilities could occur if there is a deleterious interaction between two genetic variants that have previously not occurred in the same genetic background, commonly called Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). Identifying the genes underlying these incompatibilities is challenging; the more reproductively isolated two species are, the more difficult it is to cross them and map the incompatibility. As a result, very few such interactions have been identified ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). On page 731 of this issue, Powell et al. ([ 5 ][5]) identify the genes underlying hybrid incompatibilities using a natural experiment, ongoing hybridization between two species of swordtail fish. What they find is surprising: The same cancer gene that causes speciation in a different set of fish is at play here as well. The swordtail fish of Central America (genus Xiphophorus ) have an interesting connection to cancer genomics ([ 6 ][6]). Crosses between two species, X. maculatus and X. helleri , result in hybrids with “spots,” which can develop into invasive melanomas. The hybrids, as a result, show reduced fitness. These are a study system for both cancer and speciation. Study of these melanomas led to the identification of one of the first known incompatibility genes, me lanoma receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ( xmrk ) ([ 7 ][7]). Despite identification of xmrk as the gene underlying melanomas in hybrids in the laboratory, it was unclear whether the results translated to natural populations. Furthermore, Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities are generally considered to occur between at least two loci, and 30 years of work had failed to identify the interaction partner gene of xmrk in these fish. Two naturally co-occurring species, X. birchmanii and X. malinche , provided a way forward: Hybrids between these recently diverged species also show melanic patterns. Powell et al. identify the genes underlying the hybrid incompatibility between X. malinche and X. birchmanii by combining traditional genome-wide association approaches with admixture mapping ([ 8 ][8]). In the first approach, they find two genes [ xmrk and myosin VIIA and Rab–interacting protein ( myrip )] where the identity of the genetic variant carried by each fish predicts its “spottiness” (association mapping). They then determine which of the parental species each segment of DNA came from and look at where in the genome ancestry from a particular parent is correlated with melanic spots (admixture mapping). This approach returned the region containing xmrk but also a second region containing the adhesion G protein–coupled receptor E5 ( cd97 ) gene. Individuals that are homozygous for X. malinche ancestry at xmrk and contain any X. birchmanii ancestry at cd97 account for most of the tumors among the hybrids. Powell et al. complement this analysis with evidence that selection against the tumor phenotype in nature is strong, solidifying the interaction as one involved in species barriers. The list of identified genes involved in speciation is surprisingly short ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). In natural systems in which hybridization between emerging species is ongoing, there are multiple paths to identify incompatibility loci. Traditional genome-wide association approaches can yield impressive results in hybrids [for example, identifying many interacting genes in mice ([ 9 ][9])]. As seen in the study by Powell et al. , associations between ancestry and incompatibility phenotypes can identify genes missed in association studies by leveraging a second line of evidence. The power of the method depends on the amount of recombination in the region of interest. If these genes are in low-recombination regions, many nearby variants will be inherited alongside the causal variants. As a result, they will also show the same ancestry and therefore much of the same signal as the causal variant. Identifying genes underlying incompatibilities may therefore often require multiple analyses that combine traditional mapping approaches with ancestry associations. Given the substantial effort required to identify these incompatibility genes, why is this important? The study of Powell et al. highlights the importance of identifying these genes individually. One of the most surprising aspects of their study is that the incompatibilities in helleri-maculatus crosses seem to have an independent evolutionary origin from those in birchmanii-malinche while both involving xmrk . The shared role of the gene is even more surprising when considering that birchmanii and malinche are recently diverged sister species with naturally occurring hybrids, whereas helleri and maculatus are highly diverged species that only hybridize in the laboratory. This is one of the first cases of the same genes being responsible for hybrid incompatibility in multiple species pairs and the second incompatibility gene identified in vertebrates. Intriguingly, the other incompatibility gene, PR domain–containing 9 ( prdm9 ), is involved in hybrid incompatibilities between multiple house mice subspecies ([ 10 ][10], [ 11 ][11]). There are good reasons to believe that certain genes may be more likely than others to act in hybrid incompatibilities ([ 3 ][3], [ 12 ][12]). For example, genes with many interactions simply have more potential incompatibility partners. Without knowing more genes involved in speciation, it is difficult to assess whether speciation genes will be a reoccurring cast, or whether xmrk and prdm9 will be the exception rather than the rule. The study by Powell et al. therefore accomplishes two main goals. It demonstrates how ancestry mapping can be used to identify genes underlying incompatibilities in young species. This study also demonstrates that the same genes can independently evolve to be important for speciation in different species pairs. The roadmap laid out by this study will hopefully lead to the identification of more alleles that have been involved in the persistence of species barriers, bringing much needed data to the field of speciation genetics. 1. [↵][13]1. T. Dobzhansky , Genetics and the Origin of Species (Columbia Univ. Press, 1937). 2. [↵][14]1. H. J. Muller , in Bearing of the Drosophila Work on Systematics (Oxford Univ. Press, 1940), pp. 185–268. 3. [↵][15]1. P. Nosil, 2. D. Schluter , Trends Ecol. Evol. 26, 160 (2011). [OpenUrl][16][CrossRef][17][PubMed][18][Web of Science][19] 4. [↵][20]1. D. C. Presgraves , Nat. Rev. Genet. 11, 175 (2010). [OpenUrl][21][CrossRef][22][PubMed][23][Web of Science][24] 5. [↵][25]1. D. L. Powell et al ., Science 368, 731 (2020). [OpenUrl][26][Abstract/FREE Full Text][27] 6. [↵][28]1. B. Malitschek, 2. D. Förnzler, 3. M. Schartl , BioEssays 17, 1017 (1995). [OpenUrl][29][CrossRef][30][PubMed][31] 7. [↵][32]1. J. Wittbrodt et al ., Nature 341, 415 (1989). [OpenUrl][33][CrossRef][34][PubMed][35][Web of Science][36] 8. [↵][37]1. C. A. Winkler, 2. G. W. Nelson, 3. M. W. Smith , Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 11, 65 (2010). [OpenUrl][38][CrossRef][39][PubMed][40][Web of Science][41] 9. [↵][42]1. L. M. Turner, 2. B. Harr , eLife 3, e02504 (2014). [OpenUrl][43][CrossRef][44] 10. [↵][45]1. M. Vyskočilová, 2. G. Pražanová, 3. J. Piálek , Mamm. Genome 20, 83 (2009). [OpenUrl][46][CrossRef][47][PubMed][48][Web of Science][49] 11. [↵][50]1. P. Flachs et al ., PLOS Genet. 8, e1003044 (2012). [OpenUrl][51][CrossRef][52][PubMed][53] 12. [↵][54]1. C.-I. Wu, 2. C.-T. Ting , Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 114 (2004). [OpenUrl][55][CrossRef][56][PubMed][57][Web of Science][58] Acknowledgments: This work was supported by National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant R01GM121750. We thank the Matute laboratory for fruitful discussions. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-8 [9]: #ref-9 [10]: #ref-10 [11]: #ref-11 [12]: #ref-12 [13]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [14]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [15]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [16]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DTrends%2Bin%2BEcology%2B%2526%2BEvolution%26rft.stitle%253DTrends%2Bin%2BEcology%2B%2526%2BEvolution%26rft.aulast%253DNosil%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D26%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D160%26rft.epage%253D167%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bgenes%2Bunderlying%2Bthe%2Bprocess%2Bof%2Bspeciation.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.tree.2011.01.001%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F21310503%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [17]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.001&link_type=DOI [18]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=21310503&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [19]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000289861700005&link_type=ISI [20]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [21]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Breviews.%2BGenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BRev%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DPresgraves%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BC.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D175%26rft.epage%253D180%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bmolecular%2Bevolutionary%2Bbasis%2Bof%2Bspecies%2Bformation.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fnrg2718%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20051985%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [22]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/nrg2718&link_type=DOI [23]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=20051985&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [24]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000274649900008&link_type=ISI [25]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [26]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DPowell%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D368%26rft.issue%253D6492%26rft.spage%253D731%26rft.epage%253D736%26rft.atitle%253DNatural%2Bhybridization%2Breveals%2Bincompatible%2Balleles%2Bthat%2Bcause%2Bmelanoma%2Bin%2Bswordtail%2Bfish%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.aba5216%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [27]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEyOiIzNjgvNjQ5Mi83MzEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMjoiL3NjaS8zNjgvNjQ5Mi83MTAuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9 [28]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [29]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBioEssays%2B%253A%2B%2Bnews%2Band%2Breviews%2Bin%2Bmolecular%252C%2Bcellular%2Band%2Bdevelopmental%2Bbiology%26rft.stitle%253DBioessays%26rft.aulast%253DMalitschek%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%26rft.volume%253D17%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D1017%26rft.epage%253D1023%26rft.atitle%253DMelanoma%2Bformation%2Bin%2BXiphophorus%253A%2Ba%2Bmodel%2Bsystem%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Brole%2Bof%2Breceptor%2Btyrosine%2Bkinases%2Bin%2Btumorigenesis.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fbies.950171205%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8634062%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [30]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/bies.950171205&link_type=DOI [31]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=8634062&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [32]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [33]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%26rft.stitle%253DNature%26rft.aulast%253DWittbrodt%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D341%26rft.issue%253D6241%26rft.spage%253D415%26rft.epage%253D421%26rft.atitle%253DNovel%2Bputative%2Breceptor%2Btyrosine%2Bkinase%2Bencoded%2Bby%2Bthe%2Bmelanoma-inducing%2BTu%2Blocus%2Bin%2BXiphophorus.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252F341415a0%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F2797166%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [34]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/341415a0&link_type=DOI [35]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=2797166&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [36]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1989AT97600047&link_type=ISI [37]: #xref-ref-8-1 "View reference 8 in text" [38]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnual%2Breview%2Bof%2Bgenomics%2Band%2Bhuman%2Bgenetics%26rft.stitle%253DAnnu%2BRev%2BGenomics%2BHum%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DWinkler%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.spage%253D65%26rft.epage%253D89%26rft.atitle%253DAdmixture%2Bmapping%2Bcomes%2Bof%2Bage.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1146%252Fannurev-genom-082509-141523%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20594047%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [39]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1146/annurev-genom-082509-141523&link_type=DOI [40]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=20594047&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [41]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000282662200004&link_type=ISI [42]: #xref-ref-9-1 "View reference 9 in text" [43]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DeLife%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7554%252FeLife.02504%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [44]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7554/eLife.02504&link_type=DOI [45]: #xref-ref-10-1 "View reference 10 in text" [46]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DMammalian%2Bgenome%2B%253A%2B%2Bofficial%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BInternational%2BMammalian%2BGenome%2BSociety%26rft.stitle%253DMamm%2BGenome%26rft.aulast%253DVyskocilova%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D20%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D83%26rft.epage%253D91%26rft.atitle%253DPolymorphism%2Bin%2Bhybrid%2Bmale%2Bsterility%2Bin%2Bwild-derived%2BMus%2Bmusculus%2Bmusculus%2Bstrains%2Bon%2Bproximal%2Bchromosome%2B17.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1007%252Fs00335-008-9164-3%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19123034%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [47]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/s00335-008-9164-3&link_type=DOI [48]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=19123034&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [49]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000263147900003&link_type=ISI [50]: #xref-ref-11-1 "View reference 11 in text" [51]: {openurl}?query=rft.stitle%253DPLoS%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DFlachs%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D8%26rft.issue%253D11%26rft.spage%253De1003044%26rft.epage%253De1003044%26rft.atitle%253DInterallelic%2Band%2Bintergenic%2Bincompatibilities%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bprdm9%2B%2528hst1%2529%2Bgene%2Bin%2Bmouse%2Bhybrid%2Bsterility.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1371%252Fjournal.pgen.1003044%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23133405%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [52]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003044&link_type=DOI [53]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23133405&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [54]: #xref-ref-12-1 "View reference 12 in text" [55]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Breviews.%2BGenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BRev%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DWu%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BI.%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D114%26rft.epage%253D122%26rft.atitle%253DGenes%2Band%2Bspeciation.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fnrg1269%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14735122%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [56]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/nrg1269&link_type=DOI [57]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14735122&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F368%2F6492%2F710.atom [58]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000188602400013&link_type=ISI
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/267708
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Andrius J. Dagilis,Daniel R. Matute. Incompatibilities between emerging species[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Andrius J. Dagilis,&Daniel R. Matute.(2020).Incompatibilities between emerging species.Science.
MLA	Andrius J. Dagilis,et al."Incompatibilities between emerging species".Science (2020).