Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-18-12329-2018 |
Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014-2016 | |
Slemr, Franz1; Weigelt, Andreas2,8; Ebinghaus, Ralf2; Bieser, Johannes2; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.1; Rauthe-Schoech, Armin1,9; Hermann, Markus3; Martinsson, Bengt G.4; van Velthoven, Peter5; Boenisch, Harald6; Neumaier, Marco6; Zahn, Andreas6; Ziereis, Helmut7 | |
2018-08-27 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 18期号:16页码:12329-12343 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Germany; Sweden; Netherlands |
英文摘要 | Mercury was measured onboard the IAGOS-CARIBIC passenger aircraft from May 2005 until February 2016 during near monthly sequences of mostly four intercontinental flights from Germany to destinations in North and South America, Africa and South and East Asia. Most of these mercury data were obtained using an internal default signal integration procedure of the Tekran instrument but since April 2014 more precise and accurate data were obtained using post-flight manual integration of the instrument raw signal. In this paper we use the latter data. Increased upper tropospheric total mercury (TM) concentrations due to large scale biomass burning were observed in the upper troposphere (UT) at the equator and southern latitudes during the flights to Latin America and South Africa in boreal autumn (SON) and boreal winter (DJF). TM concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) decrease with altitude above the thermal tropopause but the gradient is less steep than reported before. Seasonal variation of the vertical TM distribution in the UT and LMS is similar to that of other trace gases with surface sources and stratospheric sinks. Speciation experiments suggest comparable TM and gaseous elementary mercury (GEM) concentrations at and below the tropopause leaving little space for Hg2+ (TM GEM) being the dominating component of TM here. In the stratosphere significant GEM concentrations were found to exist up to 4 km altitude above the thermal tropopause. Correlations with N2O as a reference tracer suggest stratospheric lifetimes of 72 +/- 37 and 74 +/- 27 years for TM and GEM, respectively, comparable to the stratospheric lifetime of COS. This coincidence, combined with pieces of evidence from us and other researchers, corroborates the hypothesis that Hg2+ formed by oxidation in the stratosphere attaches to sulfate particles formed mainly by oxidation of COS and is removed with them from the stratosphere by air mass exchange, gravitational sedimentation and cloud scavenging processes. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000442775100001 |
WOS关键词 | ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY ; OXIDIZED MERCURY ; GASEOUS MERCURY ; IN-SITU ; EMISSIONS ; AEROSOL ; BIOMASS ; MODEL ; UNCERTAINTIES ; METHYLMERCURY |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/27250 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Max Planck Inst Chem MPI, Air Chem Div, Hahn Meitner Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 2.Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht HZG, Inst Coastal Res, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany; 3.Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch Tropos, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; 4.Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden; 5.Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands; 6.Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany; 7.Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82230 Wessling, Germany; 8.BSH, Wustland 2, D-22589 Hamburg, Germany; 9.Deutsch Wetterdienst, Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr, Frankfurter Str 135, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Slemr, Franz,Weigelt, Andreas,Ebinghaus, Ralf,et al. Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014-2016[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2018,18(16):12329-12343. |
APA | Slemr, Franz.,Weigelt, Andreas.,Ebinghaus, Ralf.,Bieser, Johannes.,Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M..,...&Ziereis, Helmut.(2018).Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014-2016.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,18(16),12329-12343. |
MLA | Slemr, Franz,et al."Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014-2016".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 18.16(2018):12329-12343. |
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