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DOI | 10.1029/2018GL080492 |
Rupture Termination in Laboratory-Generated Earthquakes | |
Ke, Chun-Yu; McLaskey, Gregory C.; Kammer, David S. | |
2018-12-16 | |
发表期刊 | GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
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ISSN | 0094-8276 |
EISSN | 1944-8007 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 45期号:23页码:12784-12792 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | Earthquakes are dynamic rupture events that initiate, propagate, and terminate on faults within the Earth's crust. Understanding rupture termination is essential for accurately estimating the maximum magnitude earthquake a region might experience. We study termination on sequences of M - 2.5 earthquakes that rupture a 3-m granite laboratory sample. At this large scale, nucleation, propagation, and termination are either completely or partially confined within the sample-unique observations for experiments on rock. We compare measured termination locations to estimates from a fracture mechanics-based model to quantify the fracture energy of the laboratory earthquakes, which compare well with estimates from small natural quakes. Our results provide a mathematical framework that links micrometer-scale friction parameters to meter-scale earthquake mechanics, shows that a 3-m slab of granite can behave similar to a 200-mm sheet of glassy polymer, and demonstrates how small events can prime a fault for larger, damaging ones. Plain Language Summary We have built a machine that squeezes a 3-m long slab of granite to generate sequences of slip events that spontaneously rupture a precut planar fault within the rock, similar to how earthquakes rupture faults within the Earth. While slip events generated on most rock mechanics machines rupture through the entire sample, the slip events we generate at this large scale are more realistic of natural earthquakes because rupture often stops after propagating only part-way down the rock sample. We describe a model that allows us to quantify where and why a rupture stops as a function of the stress distribution on the fault and friction properties. By matching the model to the experiment we estimate the fault's fracture energy. The model can also be used to show how small earthquakes can prepare a fault for a larger one. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000454296600016 |
WOS关键词 | SLIP ; FAULT ; STICK ; FRICTION ; ONSET |
WOS类目 | Geosciences, Multidisciplinary |
WOS研究方向 | Geology |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/28018 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ke, Chun-Yu,McLaskey, Gregory C.,Kammer, David S.. Rupture Termination in Laboratory-Generated Earthquakes[J]. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2018,45(23):12784-12792. |
APA | Ke, Chun-Yu,McLaskey, Gregory C.,&Kammer, David S..(2018).Rupture Termination in Laboratory-Generated Earthquakes.GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,45(23),12784-12792. |
MLA | Ke, Chun-Yu,et al."Rupture Termination in Laboratory-Generated Earthquakes".GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 45.23(2018):12784-12792. |
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