| 英文摘要 | Brazil's Amazon region is undergoing a period of environmental setback, during which large infrastructure projects are being pushed forward and environmental protection is being reduced ([ 1 ][1]). One of these projects is the reopening of Highway BR-319, which was built in 1973 but abandoned in 1988. The road connects Porto Velho, located in an area of abundant deforestation, to Manaus in the heart of the Amazon rainforest ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]). With BR-319 and its planned side roads open to traffic, the deforested area would likely increase to more than 1200% of the 2011 level by 2100 ([ 2 ][2]). The road and related deforestation would affect 63 official Indigenous lands, which are home to 18,000 Indigenous people ([ 3 ][3]). The huge block of forest opened to deforestation by these roads contains a carbon stock that, if released, would greatly increase the chances that global mitigation efforts will fail to contain climate change ([ 4 ][4]).
A judicial decision that is no longer subject to appeal ruled that environmental studies must be carried out before paving a part of the highway designated as “lot C” ([ 5 ][5]). However, on 24 June, the federal government opened bidding for paving this stretch of road ([ 6 ][6]). Brazil's Federal Public Ministry characterized this breach of a judicial decision as “bad faith” and an “affront” to the judiciary ([ 7 ][7]). The justification by a representative of the executive branch was that the paving would not cause an increase in the traffic on the highway ([ 8 ][8]), an opinion without any technical basis. Paving highways in the Amazonian interior has been shown to increase the number and size of vehicles and to result in increased migration, land speculation, and deforestation ([ 9 ][9]–[ 11 ][10]).
The failure of the government to abide by the judicial decision will set a dangerous precedent for other mega-developments in the Amazon, including hydroelectric dams and the Barão do Rio Branco project, which would build a road through a series of areas protected for traditional peoples and for biodiversity ([ 12 ][11]). If Highway BR-319 is paved before the required environmental studies have been conducted, it will be a decisive indicator of Brazil's reluctance to comply with its commitments under the climate and biodiversity conventions, and it will likely accelerate anthropogenic climate change.
1. [↵][12]1. L. Ferrante,
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5. [↵][19]Tribunal Regional Federal da Primeira Região, “Numeração Única 0005716.70.2005.4.01.3200” (2019); [Portuguese]
6. [↵][20]Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes, “Aviso de Licitação, RDC Eletrônico no 216/2020,” Diário Oficial da União (2020); [www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/aviso-de-licitacao-263222480][21] [in Portuguese].
7. [↵][22]Justiça Federal da 1a Região, “Processo Judicial Eletrônico Número: 1016749-49.2019.4.01.3200” (2020); [www.fatoamazonico.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Impugnacao-protocolada.pdf.pdf][23] [in Portuguese].
8. [↵][24]1. R. Hofmann
, “Texts sent on June 24, 2020 to the ‘Fórum de Sustentabilidade da Rodovia BR-319’ WhatsApp group organized by the Federal Public Ministry” (2020); [http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ\_livres/Dossie/BR-319/Outros%20documentos/Rose\_hofmann\_textos\_Grupo\_Forum\_BR-319.pdf][25] [in Portuguese].
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12. [↵][36]1. F. Wenzel
, “Asfaltando a Amazônia,” Piauí (2020); [in Portuguese].
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