Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0258.1 |
Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence | |
Nolan, David S.1; Dahl, Nathan A.1; Bryan, George H.2; Rotunno, Richard2 | |
2017-05-01 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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ISSN | 0022-4928 |
EISSN | 1520-0469 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 74期号:5 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | A large-eddy simulation (LES) framework with an "eddy injection'' technique has been developed that ensures a majority of turbulent kinetic energy in numerically simulated tornado-like vortices is represented by resolved eddies. This framework is used to explore the relationships between environmental forcing mechanisms, surface boundary conditions, and tornado vortex structure, intensity, and wind gusts. Similar to previous LES studies, results show that the maximum time-and azimuthal-mean tangential winds {V}(max) can be well in excess of the "thermodynamic speed limit,'' which is 66ms(-1) for most of the simulations. Specifically, fVgmax exceeds this speed by values ranging from 21% for a large, high-swirl vortex to 59% for a small, low-swirl vortex. Budgets of mean and eddy angular and radial momentum are used to show that resolved eddies in the tornado core act to reduce the wind speed at the location of fVgmax, although they do transport angular momentum downward into the lowest levels of the boundary layer, increasing lowlevel swirl. Three measures of tornado intensity are introduced: maximum time-azimuthal-mean surface (10 m) horizontal wind speed ({S10}(max)), maximum 3-s gusts of S10 (S10-3s), and maximum vertical 3-s gusts at 10m (W10-3s). While {S10}(max) is considerably less than {V}(max), transient features in the boundary layer can generateS10-3s in excess of 150ms(-1), and W10-3s in excess of 100ms(-1). For high-swirl vortices, the extreme gusts are confined closer to the center, well inside the radius of maximum azimuthal-mean surface winds. For the low-swirl vortex, both the strongest mean winds and the extreme gusts are restricted to a very narrow core. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000400730900016 |
WOS关键词 | DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS ; BOUNDARY-LAYER ; SECONDARY CIRCULATIONS ; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ; SUCTION VORTICES ; SOUTH-DAKOTA ; PART II ; DYNAMICS ; INTENSIFICATION ; DEBRIS |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/29383 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA; 2.Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Nolan, David S.,Dahl, Nathan A.,Bryan, George H.,et al. Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence[J]. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,2017,74(5). |
APA | Nolan, David S.,Dahl, Nathan A.,Bryan, George H.,&Rotunno, Richard.(2017).Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence.JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,74(5). |
MLA | Nolan, David S.,et al."Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence".JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 74.5(2017). |
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