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DOI | 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0364.1 |
The Role of Surface Drag in Mesocyclone Intensification Leading to Tornadogenesis within an Idealized Supercell Simulation | |
Roberts, Brett; Xue, Ming1 | |
2017-09-01 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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ISSN | 0022-4928 |
EISSN | 1520-0469 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 74期号:9 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | The idealized supercell simulations in a previous study by Roberts et al. are further analyzed to clarify the physical mechanisms leading to differences in mesocyclone intensification between an experiment with surface friction applied to the full wind (FWFRIC) and an experiment with friction applied to the environmental wind only (EnvFRIC). The low-level mesocyclone intensifies rapidly during the 3 min preceding tornadogenesis in FWFRIC, while the intensification during the same period is much weaker in EnvFRIC, which fails to produce a tornado. To quantify the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy in mesocyclone evolution, material circuits enclosing the low-level mesocyclone are initialized and traced back in time, and circulation budgets for these circuits are analyzed. The results show that in FWFRIC, surface drag directly generates a substantial proportion of the final circulation around the mesocyclone, especially below 1 km AGL; in EnvFRIC, circulation budgets indicate the mesocyclone circulation is overwhelmingly barotropic. It is proposed that the import of near-ground, frictionally generated vorticity into the low-level mesocyclone in FWFRIC is a key factor causing the intensification and lowering of the mesocyclone toward the ground, creating a large upward vertical pressure gradient force that leads to tornadogenesis. Similar circulation analyses are also performed for circuits enclosing the tornado at its genesis stage. The frictionally generated circulation component is found to contribute more than half of the final circulation for circuits enclosing the tornado vortex below 400m AGL, and the frictional contribution decreases monotonically with the height of the final circuit. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000409847100019 |
WOS关键词 | CITY TORNADIC SUPERCELL ; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION ; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION ; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS ; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS ; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION ; LOW-LEVEL ; PART I ; BOUNDARY-LAYER ; VORTICITY |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/29771 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA; 2.Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Roberts, Brett,Xue, Ming. The Role of Surface Drag in Mesocyclone Intensification Leading to Tornadogenesis within an Idealized Supercell Simulation[J]. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,2017,74(9). |
APA | Roberts, Brett,&Xue, Ming.(2017).The Role of Surface Drag in Mesocyclone Intensification Leading to Tornadogenesis within an Idealized Supercell Simulation.JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,74(9). |
MLA | Roberts, Brett,et al."The Role of Surface Drag in Mesocyclone Intensification Leading to Tornadogenesis within an Idealized Supercell Simulation".JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 74.9(2017). |
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