GSTDTAP  > 资源环境科学
DOI10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106909
The international division of labor and embodied working time in trade for the US, the EU and China
Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Raúl Velasco-Fernández, Mario Giampietro
2020-11-21
发表期刊Ecological Economics
出版年2020
英文摘要

In sustainability analysis, human time is a crucial and overlooked societal limit. Some core countries overcome their time budgets and preserve their socio-economic structures by using energy and importing working time embodied in products and services. This paper analyses the roles of the United States, the European Union, and China in the international division of labor using the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) framework. We calculated working time in production, consumption, and trade both in absolute and per capita terms, for the different economic subsectors in 2011. Energy Metabolic Rates (energy use per hour) and Economic Job Productivity (value-added per hour) complemented the analysis. Whereas the greatest share of the workforce in China was still in agriculture, the US and EU had it in the tertiary sectors by outsourcing large shares of agriculture, mining, and industry: they import about half of the labor time in their consumption. At the global level, the trade of embodied labor is a zero-sum game. This fact questions the long-term viability of the current pattern of development enjoyed by the EU and the US, as well as the possibility for emerging economies to complete a similar transition to a post-industrial economy.

领域资源环境
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文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/305695
专题资源环境科学
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GB/T 7714
Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Raúl Velasco-Fernández, Mario Giampietro. The international division of labor and embodied working time in trade for the US, the EU and China[J]. Ecological Economics,2020.
APA Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Raúl Velasco-Fernández, Mario Giampietro.(2020).The international division of labor and embodied working time in trade for the US, the EU and China.Ecological Economics.
MLA Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Raúl Velasco-Fernández, Mario Giampietro."The international division of labor and embodied working time in trade for the US, the EU and China".Ecological Economics (2020).
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