Stay true to integrated pest management

doi:10.1126/science.abf8072

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abf8072
	Stay true to integrated pest management
	Kris Wyckhuys; Francisco Sanchez-Bayo; Alexandre Aebi; Maarten Bijleveld van Lexmond; Jean-Marc Bonmatin; Dave Goulson; Edward Mitchell
	2021-01-08
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	On 2 October 2020, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and CropLife International signed a letter of intent to establish a strategic partnership ([ 1 ][1]). Moving forward, CropLife International's aspirations should be closely scrutinized. Checks and balances are essential to ensure that private interests do not take precedence over the common good. For decades, both the FAO and CropLife International have advocated the uptake of integrated pest management—an approach that strategically integrates different crop protection methods to safeguard crop yields, secure farmer livelihoods, and preserve natural capital ([ 2 ][2]). However, their respective interpretations of the system's core constituents, underlying principles, and ultimate goals differ substantially. The FAO emphasizes how preventing pests through good agronomy, biological diversity, and ecological processes can lower the amount of pesticide required, whereas CropLife International focuses on the responsible use of agrochemicals, with far less desirable results. The FAO's interpretation of integrated pest management has led to successes worldwide. Its Farmer Field Schools have transferred ecological concepts and nonchemical technologies to millions of small farmers, resulting in pesticide reductions of 92% in Bangladesh rice, 78% in India cotton, and 61% in Vietnamese tea ([ 3 ][3]). These FAO programs have attained pesticide cuts of 50 to 80% on millions of farms without yield loss ([ 4 ][4]), thus lifting farmers' profits, curbing energy use, and bolstering rural economies ([ 5 ][5]). Unfortunately, when some programs were dismantled in the mid-1990s, achievements were rapidly undone ([ 6 ][6]); Indonesia's pesticide use has since risen substantially. Meanwhile, Croplife International's approach—i.e., pesticide-centered control—continues to proliferate across the globe ([ 7 ][7], [ 8 ][8]). For example, insecticide-coated seeds are zealously backed by chemical enterprises ([ 9 ][9]), even though their on-farm use violates integrated pest management principles, triggers resistance development, exacerbates pollution, and degrades the resilience of farmland ecosystems ([ 10 ][10]). By thus deviating from established decision-making criteria and tolerating technology integration that occurs by chance instead of by design, this approach leads to ineffective pest control and negative social-ecological outcomes ([ 11 ][11]). Agro-ecology, digital tools, and innovative farming schemes can all remediate chemical dependencies, but agro-industry meddling constitutes a prominent hurdle ([ 12 ][12]). Ultimately, globe-spanning alliances that include agro-industry should only be built to scale up environmentally compatible practices and to pursue agri-food system transformations that are protective of human and environmental health. In the spirit of integrated pest management, as correctly interpreted and implemented by the FAO, biodiversity and ecological safeguards should constitute plant health programs' first line of defense, whereas pesticide use needs to be consciously downgraded to a measure of last resort. 1. [↵][13]“Letter of intent between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and CropLife International” (2020); [www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/newsroom/docs/CropLife.pdf][14]. 2. [↵][15]1. S. E. Naranjo , J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 11 (2011). [OpenUrl][16] 3. [↵][17]1. H. van den Berg, 2. J. Jiggins , World Dev. 35, 4 (2007). [OpenUrl][18] 4. [↵][19]1. D. G. Bottrell, 2. K. G. Schoenly , J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 15, 1 (2012). [OpenUrl][20] 5. [↵][21]1. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/310427
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kris Wyckhuys,Francisco Sanchez-Bayo,Alexandre Aebi,et al. Stay true to integrated pest management[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Kris Wyckhuys.,Francisco Sanchez-Bayo.,Alexandre Aebi.,Maarten Bijleveld van Lexmond.,Jean-Marc Bonmatin.,...&Edward Mitchell.(2021).Stay true to integrated pest management.Science.
MLA	Kris Wyckhuys,et al."Stay true to integrated pest management".Science (2021).