Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance

doi:10.1126/science.abg4380

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abg4380
	Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance
	Ji Lu; Jianhua Guo
	2021-01-29
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of disinfectants, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, and antiseptic hand wash has surged. As a precaution, many authorities have also increased chlorine dosage in wastewater disinfection to achieve a free chlorine residual concentration greater than 6.5 mg/liter ([ 1 ][1]), despite evidence that a free chlorine residual of just above 0.5 mg/liter can completely inactivate human coronavirus ([ 2 ][2]). These chemicals can reach aquatic and terrestrial environments through direct discharge of wastewater into receiving waters. Disinfection protocols put in place to prevent COVID-19 should be limited to the minimum required to kill severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and weighed against their potential to increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Disinfectants facilitate the bacterial acquisition of AMR, potentially the biggest global health challenge next to the COVID-19 pandemic ([ 3 ][3]). For example, antiseptic ingredients quaternary ammonium compounds ([ 4 ][4]), triclosan ([ 5 ][5]), chlorhexidine ([ 6 ][6]), and ethanol ([ 7 ][7]); chlorine-based disinfectants ([ 8 ][8]); and disinfection by-products ([ 9 ][9]) can promote the spread of AMR through mutation or horizontal gene transfer. Thus, current increases in disinfection practices may pose an environmental and public health risk by accelerating the spread of AMR. Unlike human viruses, which cannot independently reproduce and rarely survive in the environment, bacteria can proliferate and persist, conceivably inheriting AMR over generations. The health of humans and animals is inextricably connected to the environment, potentially creating a cycle of AMR dissemination. Indeed, humans and animals can acquire AMR from the environment through food ([ 10 ][10]), water ([ 11 ][11]), and air ([ 12 ][12]). From the One Health perspective, a robust risk assessment is necessary to evaluate the environmental and public health risks of increased disinfection and its role in mediating the spread of AMR, particularly in the long term. To reduce the release of disinfectants into the environment, policies should be enacted to reduce unnecessary fomite disinfection, reduce the chlorine load to maintain a free chlorine residual of just above 0.5 mg/liter ([ 2 ][2]), and dechlorinate treated effluent before discharge. These approaches may be critical to protecting the public from future health threats by slowing down the dissemination of AMR. 1. [↵][13]1. J. Wang et al ., Environ. Pollut. 262, 114665 (2020). [OpenUrl][14] 2. [↵][15]1. X. W. Wang et al ., J. Virol. Methods 126, 171 (2005). [OpenUrl][16][CrossRef][17][PubMed][18] 3. [↵][19]1. J. O'Neill, 2. A.R. 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Technol. 52, 10975 (2018). [OpenUrl][45] J.L. was funded by the Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowship (grant no. RM2020001500). J.G. was funded by the Australian Research Council (grant no. FT170100196). 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/313993
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ji Lu,Jianhua Guo. Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Ji Lu,&Jianhua Guo.(2021).Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance.Science.
MLA	Ji Lu,et al."Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance".Science (2021).