| 英文摘要 | Beaked whales represent about one quarter of known extant cetacean species, but they are the least understood among large mammals. All known beaked whale species are listed on either Appendix I or II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([ 1 ][1]). The recent discovery of a possible new species of beaked whale in Mexico ([ 2 ][2]) and the live sighting of a mysterious beaked whale identified as either Mesoplodon hotaula or Mesoplodon ginkgodens in the South China Sea ([ 3 ][3]) have highlighted how little we know about these whales.
Beaked whales are widely distributed in deep and offshore waters of all oceans, from the tropics to the polar region ([ 4 ][4]). However, research on most of these species is limited, with knowledge based largely on the examination of a few stranded individuals. Newly described mammal species have been shown to be disproportionately threatened ([ 5 ][5]), reinforcing concerns that species might be vanishing before they are known to science.
Beaked whales face an increasing number of threats and are believed to be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic noise disturbances caused by geological and seismic surveying, military sonar, and naval traffic ([ 6 ][6]–[ 8 ][7]). The extensive use of air guns could have a cumulative impact on them ([ 9 ][8]). Beaked whales are likely particularly at risk in areas where their habitat is subject to seismic survey activity ([ 9 ][8]). The temporal and spatial association between multiple stranded beaked whales and naval exercises was first reported in the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1960s ([ 10 ][9], [ 11 ][10]). The link between mid-frequency active sonar and stranded whales was demonstrated in the Bahamas in 2000 ([ 7 ][11]). Over the past 4 decades, many hundreds of beaked whales worldwide were stranded en masse ([ 10 ][9]). However, the lack of baseline data on beaked whale distribution, population size and structure, and life history impedes comprehensive assessment of potential population level impacts ([ 12 ][12]).
To properly protect the beaked whales, we must know more about them. Policy-makers, conservationists, and scientists should work to facilitate research that will increase our knowledge about these elusive species. Financial support and personnel training will allow more data collection from poorly surveyed parts of the oceans, informing conservation action going forward.
1. [↵][13]Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, “Appendices I, II, and III” (2020); .
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S.L. receives funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41422604), “One Belt and One Road” Science and Technology Cooperation Special Program of the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (183446KYSB20200016), and the Key Deployment Project of Center for Ocean Mega-Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (COMS2020Q15).
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