Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas

doi:10.1126/science.abe9869

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abe9869
	Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas
	Fahri Emre Öztürk; Tim Lappe; Göran Hellmann; Julian Schmitt; Jan Klaers; Frank Vewinger; Johann Kroha; Martin Weitz
	2021-04-02
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Our textbook understanding of quantum systems tends to come from modeling these systems isolated from the environment. However, an emerging focus is understanding how many-body quantum systems behave when interacting with their surroundings and how they subsequently become dissipative, or non-Hermitian, systems. Öztürk et al. formed a quantum condensate of light by trapping photons in an optical cavity, a system that is naturally dissipative. By altering the trapping conditions, they demonstrated that the system provides a powerful platform with which to explore the complex dynamics and phase transitions occurring in dissipative quantum systems. Science , this issue p. [88][1] Quantum gases of light, such as photon or polariton condensates in optical microcavities, are collective quantum systems enabling a tailoring of dissipation from, for example, cavity loss. This characteristic makes them a tool to study dissipative phases, an emerging subject in quantum many-body physics. We experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian phase transition of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate to a dissipative phase characterized by a biexponential decay of the condensate’s second-order coherence. The phase transition occurs because of the emergence of an exceptional point in the quantum gas. Although Bose-Einstein condensation is usually connected to lasing by a smooth crossover, the observed phase transition separates the biexponential phase from both lasing and an intermediate, oscillatory condensate regime. Our approach can be used to study a wide class of dissipative quantum phases in topological or lattice systems. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abe9869
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/321142
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fahri Emre Öztürk,Tim Lappe,Göran Hellmann,et al. Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Fahri Emre Öztürk.,Tim Lappe.,Göran Hellmann.,Julian Schmitt.,Jan Klaers.,...&Martin Weitz.(2021).Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas.Science.
MLA	Fahri Emre Öztürk,et al."Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas".Science (2021).