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DOI | 10.1002/2017JD026626 |
A cautionary tale: A study of amethane enhancement over the North Sea | |
Cain, M.1; 39;Shea, S.2 | |
2017-07-27 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
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ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 122期号:14 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | England; Norway |
英文摘要 | Airborne measurements of a methane (CH4) plume over the North Sea from August 2013 are analyzed. The plume was only observed downwind of circumnavigated gas fields, and three methods are used to determine its source. First, a mass balance calculation assuming a gas field source gives a CH4 emission rate between 2.5 +/- 0.8x10(4) and 4.6 +/- 1.5x10(4) kg h(-1). This would be greater than the industry's reported 0.5% leak rate if it were emitting for more than half the time. Second, annual average UK CH4 emissions are combined with an atmospheric dispersion model to create pseudo-observations. Clean air from the North Atlantic passed over mainland UK, picking up anthropogenic emissions. To best explain the observed plume using pseudo-observations, an additional North Sea source from the gas rigs area is added. Third, the. delta C-13-CH4 from the plume is shown to be -53%, which is lighter than fossil gas but heavier than the UK average emission. We conclude that either an additional small-area mainland source is needed, combined with temporal variability in emission or transport in small-scale meteorological features. Alternatively, a combination of additional sources that are at least 75% from the mainland (-58%) and up to 25% from the North Sea gas rigs area (-32%) would explain the measurements. Had the isotopic analysis not been performed, the likely conclusion would have been of a gas field source of CH4. This demonstrates the limitation of analyzing mole fractions alone, as the simplest explanation is rejected based on analysis of isotopic data. Plain Language Summary In the study, we have analyzed aircraft data to try and identify the source of a plume of methane observed over the North Sea. The flight circuited North Sea gas fields with the aim of intercepting any fugitive methane. Initial analysis of the amount of methane present and its location suggested that the methane was being emitted from the gas field area, and this was supported by dispersion modeling of the case. However, analysis of carbon isotopes in methane revealed that fugitive gas could not have been the primary component of the plume. As methane is often measured without analysis of its carbon isotopes, the authors feel that this is an important cautionary tale. We present our analysis of this case study with recommendations for how best to conduct such analyses in the future to try and avoid potential misdiagnosis of methane plume sources. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000408346000025 |
WOS关键词 | METHANE EMISSIONS ; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE ; FOSSIL-FUEL ; CH4 ; VARIABILITY ; DECADE ; GROWTH ; CAVITY |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/33317 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England; 2.Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; 3.Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England; 4.Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England; 5.British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England; 6.Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; 7.Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Res Enterprise & Innovat, Manchester, Lancs, England; 8.UK Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England; 9.Cranfield Univ, FAAM, Cranfield, Beds, England; 10.Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Inst Veien, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, Kjeller, Norway |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Cain, M.,39;Shea, S.. A cautionary tale: A study of amethane enhancement over the North Sea[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2017,122(14). |
APA | Cain, M.,&39;Shea, S..(2017).A cautionary tale: A study of amethane enhancement over the North Sea.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,122(14). |
MLA | Cain, M.,et al."A cautionary tale: A study of amethane enhancement over the North Sea".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 122.14(2017). |
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