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DOI | 10.1002/2016JD026410 |
Modeling of X-ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders | |
Xu, Wei1; Marshall, Robert A.1; Celestin, Sebastien2; Pasko, Victor P.3 | |
2017-11-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 122期号:21 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; France |
英文摘要 | Recent ground-based measurements at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) have greatly improved our knowledge of the energetics, fluence, and evolution of X-ray emissions during natural cloud-to-ground (CG) and rocket-triggered lightning flashes. In this paper, using Monte Carlo simulations and the response matrix of unshielded detectors in the Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA), we calculate the energy spectra of X-rays as would be detected by TERA and directly compare with the observational data during event MSE 10-01. The good agreement obtained between TERA measurements and theoretical calculations supports the mechanism of X-ray production by thermal runaway electrons during the negative corona flash stage of stepping lightning leaders. Modeling results also suggest that measurements of X-ray bursts can be used to estimate the approximate range of potential drop of lightning leaders. Moreover, the X-ray images produced during the leader stepping process in natural negative CG discharges, including both the evolution and morphological features, are theoretically quantified. We show that the compact emission pattern as recently observed in X-ray images is likely produced by X-rays originating from the source region, and the diffuse emission pattern can be explained by the Compton scattering effects. |
英文关键词 | lightning X-ray emissions stepped leader terrestrial gamma ray flashes stepping process energetic radiation |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000417195500018 |
WOS关键词 | EMISSIONS ; BREAKDOWN |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/33398 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 2.Univ Orleans, LPC2E, CNRS, Orleans, France; 3.Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Xu, Wei,Marshall, Robert A.,Celestin, Sebastien,et al. Modeling of X-ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2017,122(21). |
APA | Xu, Wei,Marshall, Robert A.,Celestin, Sebastien,&Pasko, Victor P..(2017).Modeling of X-ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,122(21). |
MLA | Xu, Wei,et al."Modeling of X-ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 122.21(2017). |
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