Feral equids’ varied effects on ecosystems—Response

doi:10.1126/science.abl7466

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abl7466
	Feral equids’ varied effects on ecosystems—Response
	Erick J. Lundgren; Daniel Ramp; Jianguo Wu; Martin Sluk; Karla T. Moeller; Juliet C. Stromberg; Arian D. Wallach
	2021-08-27
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Rubin et al. rightly point out that feral equids have diverse effects on ecosystems, including exerting strong herbivory pressure and dominating water sources. These effects are common to all large herbivores [e.g., ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2])]. If we did not already know that feral equids were introduced, would we be able to tell from their actual effects? Just as elephants can dominate water sources in Africa ([ 4 ][3]), most animal communities show dominance hierarchies at limiting resources [e.g., ([ 5 ][4])]. Preliminary evidence indicates that this is true for feral donkeys, but only where cougars are absent ([ 6 ][5]). The effects of organisms depend on the ecological context of the population. Feral equids can be the primary prey of cougars ([ 7 ][6]). Yet predation, as well as the near-ubiquitous persecution of predators, has been overlooked in nearly all research regarding the effects of feral equids—including in the studies cited by Rubin et al. Much as the return of wolves to Yellowstone National Park changed the behavior and thus the effects of elk ([ 8 ][7]), the effects of feral equids would likely change if we protected their predators. The effects of organisms are also scale-dependent and diverse, and they may appear contradictory. For example, beaver herbivory can deforest ecologically important riparian woodlands, yet beavers can also create ecologically important wetlands ([ 9 ][8]). Elephant disturbance can create essential habitat for small vertebrates at the patch scale but appear to suppress their diversity and abundance at broader scales ([ 3 ][2], [ 10 ][9]). Likewise, while feral equids can have all the effects that Rubin et al. describe, our Report shows that they can also dig wells up to 2 m in depth—at times providing the only water available. Feral donkey disturbance also appears important to maintaining open-water habitat at desert springs; several endemic and endangered freshwater fish populations in both North America and Australia went extinct following feral donkey eradications ([ 11 ][10]). Describing feral equids as either ecological heroes or as invasive pests oversimplifies complexity and moralizes ecology. Feral equids, like other introduced species, can change ecosystems in ways that alarm us. However, our desire to fight these changes can hinder our ability to study them with openness and curiosity, and in light of Earth’s dynamic history ([ 12 ][11]). 1. [↵][12]1. V. J. Dodge, 2. V. T. Eviner, 3. J. H. Cushman , Ecol. Evol. 10, 10858 (2020). [OpenUrl][13] 2. 1. J. R. Goheen et al ., PLOS One 8, e55192 (2013). [OpenUrl][14][CrossRef][15][PubMed][16] 3. [↵][17]1. R. M. Pringle, 2. T. P. Young, 3. D. I. Rubenstein, 4. D. J. McCauley , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 193 (2007). [OpenUrl][18][Abstract/FREE Full Text][19] 4. [↵][20]1. M. Valeix, 2. S. Chamaillé-Jammes, 3. H. Fritz , Oecologia 153, 739 (2007). [OpenUrl][21][CrossRef][22][PubMed][23] 5. [↵][24]1. S. Rabinowicz et al ., PLOS One 15, e0244299 (2021). [OpenUrl][25] 6. [↵][26]1. E. J. Lundgren et al ., bioRxiv, 10.1101/2021.04.13.439662 (2021). 7. [↵][27]1. A. M. Andreasen, 2. K. M. Stewart, 3. W. S. Longland, 4. J. P. Beckmann , J. Wildl. Manag. 85, 1104 (2021). [OpenUrl][28] 8. [↵][29]1. D. Fortin et al ., Ecology 86, 1320 (2005). [OpenUrl][30][CrossRef][31][Web of Science][32] 9. [↵][33]1. P. P. Gibson, 2. J. D. Olden , Aquat. Conserv. 24, 391 (2014). [OpenUrl][34] 10. [↵][35]1. R. M. Pringle , Ecology 89, 26 (2008). [OpenUrl][36][CrossRef][37][PubMed][38] 11. [↵][39]1. A. Kodric-Brown, 2. J. H. Brown , Front. Ecol. Environ. 5, 549 (2007). [OpenUrl][40][CrossRef][41] 12. [↵][42]1. E. J. Lundgren et al ., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 7871 (2020). 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/336624
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Erick J. Lundgren,Daniel Ramp,Jianguo Wu,等. Feral equids’ varied effects on ecosystems—Response[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Erick J. Lundgren.,Daniel Ramp.,Jianguo Wu.,Martin Sluk.,Karla T. Moeller.,...&Arian D. Wallach.(2021).Feral equids’ varied effects on ecosystems—Response.Science.
MLA	Erick J. Lundgren,et al."Feral equids’ varied effects on ecosystems—Response".Science (2021).