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Survey Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment in SeabedResources Development Published as an International Standard | |
admin | |
2021-09-27 | |
发布年 | 2021 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 日本 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
正文(英文) | ![]() ![]() ![]()
September 27, 2021
JAMSTEC National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES) Survey Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment in Seabed Resources Development Published as an International Standard1. Key points of the presentation
2. OutlineThe Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) (President: Tadashi Matsunaga) has been working with the Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP, *1) of the Cabinet Office to develop new environmental survey methods for marine environments, especially for deep-sea mining. JAMSTEC has been conducting the development of environmental survey and monitoring methods in cooperation with the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, President: Masahide Kimoto) in the first phase of the SIP (*2), and in the second phase (*3) testing practices during research cruises for baseline surveys in cooperation with J-MARES (*4). In 2019, we developed the following four technical standards based on the developed methods and proposed them to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for technical review. In July 2021, three of the standards (ISO 23731, 23732, and 23734) were published as international standards by the ISO committee (TC8/SC13), and the remaining one (ISO 23730) was accepted to be published after the final vote. This achievement is expected to help standardize environmental impact assessments of seabed mining and be used as a fixed method for monitoring the marine environment. 3. BackgroundThe development of submarine resources continues to attract attention due to the increasing global demand for mineral resources. On the other hand, environmental groups and a consortium of scientists have pointed out the inadequacy of research on deep-sea ecosystems and expressed concerns about sustainable development. In the areas where seabed resources are distributed, such as hydrothermal vents where hydrothermal deposits are formed, seamounts where cobalt rich crusts are formed, and the deep seafloor where manganese nodules and rare earth metals are found, there are also diverse biological communities, including undescribed species. Some of these areas are known as "hot spots" of biodiversity. In order to use the seabed ecosystem sustainably without seriously damaging it, we need to study the distribution of the organisms living there and their habitat conditions, and investigate the robustness/resilience of the biological community to environmental changes, so that we can develop methods to mitigate the impact. The International Seabed Authority (*5), which has jurisdiction over seabed resources on the high seas, has proposed guidelines for environmental surveys when developing seabed mineral resources, and requires contracting countries to conduct periodic environmental surveys. In the ISA’s international mining area off the coast of Hawaii or in hydrothermally active areas, research surveys have been conducted and many reports have been published. In the meantime, as commercial marine resource development begins, the development of deep-sea survey and monitoring technologies that can be used by the private sector will be necessary. The goal of the SIP project is technology transfer to the private sector and practical application to collect environmental baseline data and monitor deep-sea environments. 4. ResultsWith respect to the international standardization work, a working group (*6) on environmental impact assessment of the ocean was first established in the ISO committee dealing with ocean technology (ISO TC8 SC13) at the request of Japan. The working group has been lead by Mr. Koichi Yoshida (Yokohama National University). The draft of the standard was prepared by selecting methods that could be used as a technical standard from the development methods already registered in the archives of international organizations for marine survey technology (*7). The members from Japan, Tomo Kitahashi, Tetsuya Miwa, Dhugal Lindsay, Hiroyuki Yamamoto (JAMSTEC), Miyuki Nishijima, Kentaro Inomata (ex-JAMSTEC, now TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd.), and Masanobu Kawachi, Hirosi Koshikawa (NIES) participated in the working group. At the working group and committee meetings in 2018, Japan's proposal was approved as a new working draft with the support of the participating countries, and after review and revision in the working groups held thereafter, it was approved for publication as the international standards for technical specifications shown below in the 2021 ballot. 5. Published technical standardsISO 23730 General technical requirement on marine environmental impact assessments ISO 23731 Long-term in-situ imaged-based surveys in deep-sea environments ISO23732 General protocol for observation of meiofaunal community ISO 23734 Onboard bioassay for seawater quality monitoring using delayed fluorescence of microalgae 6. Future ProspectsThe approval and publication of the methods as international standards is expected to promote their inclusion in the ISA guidelines for environmental surveys and use in commercial-based surveys around the world. And these standards are expected to be used not only for seabed mining assessments but also for environmental impact assessments and surveys of the marine environment in a wide range of marine fields. [Supplementary Explanation]
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来源平台 | Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/338201 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. Survey Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment in SeabedResources Development Published as an International Standard. 2021. |
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