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Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total’s responses to global warming, 1971–2021
Christophe Bonneuil, Pierre-Louis Choquet, Benjamin Franta
2021-10-19
发表期刊Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions
出版年2021
英文摘要

Building upon recent work on other major fossil fuel companies, we report new archival research and primary source interviews describing how Total responded to evolving climate science and policy in the last 50 years. We show that Total personnel received warnings of the potential for catastrophic global warming from its products by 1971, became more fully informed of the issue in the 1980s, began promoting doubt regarding the scientific basis for global warming by the late 1980s, and ultimately settled on a position in the late 1990s of publicly accepting climate science while promoting policy delay or policies peripheral to fossil fuel control. Additionally, we find that Exxon, through the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA), coordinated an international campaign to dispute climate science and weaken international climate policy, beginning in the 1980s. This represents one of the first longitudinal studies of a major fossil fuel company’s responses to global warming to the present, describing historical stages of awareness, preparation, denial, and delay.

领域气候变化
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文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/340773
专题气候变化
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GB/T 7714
Christophe Bonneuil, Pierre-Louis Choquet, Benjamin Franta. Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total’s responses to global warming, 1971–2021[J]. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions,2021.
APA Christophe Bonneuil, Pierre-Louis Choquet, Benjamin Franta.(2021).Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total’s responses to global warming, 1971–2021.Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions.
MLA Christophe Bonneuil, Pierre-Louis Choquet, Benjamin Franta."Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total’s responses to global warming, 1971–2021".Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions (2021).
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