Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9500 |
All is not lost: deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea | |
Koelmans, Albert A.1,2; Kooi, Merel1; Law, Kara Lavender3; van Sebille, Erik4,5,6 | |
2017-11-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
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ISSN | 1748-9326 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 12期号:11 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Netherlands; USA; England |
英文摘要 | Understanding the global mass inventory is one of the main challenges in present research on plastic marine debris. Especially the fragmentation and vertical transport processes of oceanic plastic are poorly understood. However, whereas fragmentation rates are unknown, information on plastic emissions, concentrations of plastics in the ocean surface layer (OSL) and fragmentation mechanisms is available. Here, we apply a systems engineering analytical approach and propose a tentative 'whole ocean' mass balance model that combines emission data, surface area-normalized plastic fragmentation rates, estimated concentrations in the OSL, and removal from the OSL by sinking. We simulate known plastic abundances in the OSL and calculate an average whole ocean apparent surface area-normalized plastic fragmentation rate constant, given representative radii for macroplastic and microplastic. Simulations show that 99.8% of the plastic that had entered the ocean since 1950 had settled below the OSL by 2016, with an additional 9.4 million tons settling per year. In 2016, the model predicts that of the 0.309 million tons in the OSL, an estimated 83.7% was macroplastic, 13.8% microplastic, and 2.5% was < 0.335mm 'nanoplastic'. A zero future emission simulation shows that almost all plastic in the OSL would be removed within three years, implying a fast response time of surface plastic abundance to changes in inputs. The model complements current spatially explicit models, points to future experiments that would inform critical model parameters, and allows for further validation when more experimental and field data become available. |
英文关键词 | plastic debris microplastic ocean modeling fragmentation |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000415081500001 |
WOS关键词 | MICROPLASTICS ; INGESTION ; DEBRIS ; OCEAN ; ZOOPLANKTON ; PARTICLES ; POLLUTION ; PACIFIC |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/34287 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Wageningen Univ & Res, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, Dept Environm Sci, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; 2.Wageningen Marine Res, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands; 3.Sea Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA USA; 4.Imperial Coll London, Grantham Inst, London, England; 5.Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England; 6.Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Koelmans, Albert A.,Kooi, Merel,Law, Kara Lavender,et al. All is not lost: deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2017,12(11). |
APA | Koelmans, Albert A.,Kooi, Merel,Law, Kara Lavender,&van Sebille, Erik.(2017).All is not lost: deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,12(11). |
MLA | Koelmans, Albert A.,et al."All is not lost: deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 12.11(2017). |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
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