Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.007 |
A case study of lightning attachment to flat ground showing multiple unconnected upward leaders | |
Cummins, Kenneth L.1,2; Krider, E. Philip1; Olbinski, Mike3; Holle, Ronald L.4 | |
2018-04-01 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH |
ISSN | 0169-8095 |
EISSN | 1873-2895 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 202页码:169-174 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | On 10 July 2015, a cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash that produced two ground terminations was photo-graphed from inside the safety of a truck in southern New Mexico. An analysis of archived NLDN data verified that this was a two-stroke flash, and a close-up view of the first stroke shows that it also initiated at least 12 unconnected, upward leaders (or "streamers") near the ground termination. No unconnected upward leaders were seen near the second ground attachment. After combining an analysis of the photograph with information provided by the NLDN, we infer that the first stroke was of negative (normal) polarity, had modest peak current, and struck about 460 m (+/- 24%) from the camera. Attachment occurred when an upward-propagating positive leader reached an inferred height of about 21 m above local ground. The second stroke struck ground about 740 m from the camera, and the height of its attachment leader is estimated to be 15 m. The estimated lengths of the unconnected upward leaders in the two-dimensional (2-D) plane of the first stroke range from 2 to 8 m, and all appear to be located within 15 m (2-D) of the main ground termination, with 24% uncertainty. Many of the unconnected upward leaders (inferred to be positive) exhibit multiple upward branches, and most of those branches have upward-directed forks or splits at their ends. This is the first report showing such extensive branching for positive upward leaders in natural lightning strikes to ground. None of the upward leaders can be seen to emanate from the tops of tall, isolated, or pointed objects on the ground, but they likely begin on small plants and rocks, or flat ground. In terms of lightning safety, this photo demonstrates that numerous upward leaders can be produced near a lightning strike point and have the potential to damage or cause injury at more than one specific point on the ground. |
英文关键词 | Lightning photograph Lightning attachment Cloud-to-ground lightning Unconnected upward positive leaders |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000426226500017 |
WOS关键词 | 5TH MECHANISM ; CURRENTS |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/38560 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; 2.Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA; 3.Olbinski Photog, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA; 4.Holle Meteorol Photog, Oro Valley, AZ 85737 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Cummins, Kenneth L.,Krider, E. Philip,Olbinski, Mike,et al. A case study of lightning attachment to flat ground showing multiple unconnected upward leaders[J]. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,2018,202:169-174. |
APA | Cummins, Kenneth L.,Krider, E. Philip,Olbinski, Mike,&Holle, Ronald L..(2018).A case study of lightning attachment to flat ground showing multiple unconnected upward leaders.ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,202,169-174. |
MLA | Cummins, Kenneth L.,et al."A case study of lightning attachment to flat ground showing multiple unconnected upward leaders".ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 202(2018):169-174. |
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