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Decadal changes in anthropogenic source contribution of PM2.5 pollution and related health impacts in China, 1990-2015 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (13) : 7783-7799
作者:  Liu, Jun;  Zheng, Yixuan;  Geng, Guannan;  Hong, Chaopeng;  Li, Meng;  Li, Xin;  Liu, Fei;  Tong, Dan;  Wu, Ruili;  Zheng, Bo;  He, Kebin;  Zhang, Qiang
收藏  |  浏览/下载:18/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06
The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (12) : 7271-7290
作者:  Simmonds, Peter G.;  39;Doherty, Simon
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (12) : 7243-7258
作者:  Macdonald, Moya L.;  39;Doherty, Simon
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2020/06/29
Characterizing atmospheric controls on winter urban pollution in a topographic basin setting using Radon-222 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 237
作者:  Kikaj, Dafina;  Chambers, Scott D.;  Kobal, Matjaz;  Crawford, Jagoda;  Vaupotic, Janja
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Radon  Stability  Persistent temperature inversion  Complex topography  Urban pollution  
Abiotic hydrogen (H-2) sources and sinks near the Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) with implications for the subseafloor biosphere 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (24) : 13283-13293
作者:  Worman, Stacey L.;  Pratson, Lincoln F.;  Karson, Jeffrey A.;  Schlesinger, William H.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/06/09
biogeochemistry  origins of life  hydrogen  Mid-Ocean Ridge  microbes  
O-2 : CO2 exchange ratio for net turbulent flux observed in an urban area of Tokyo, Japan, and its application to an evaluation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (9) : 5293-5308
作者:  Ishidoya, Shigeyuki;  Sugawara, Hirofumi;  Terao, Yukio;  Kaneyasu, Naoki;  Aoki, Nobuyuki;  Tsuboi, Kazuhiro;  Kondo, Hiroaki
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/20
Partitioning of hydrogen peroxide in gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (9) : 5513-5526
作者:  Xuan, Xiaoning;  Chen, Zhongming;  Gong, Yiwei;  Shen, Hengqing;  Chen, Shiyi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 94-+
作者:  Louca, Stilianos;  Pennell, Matthew W.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Vaccines may reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance, in part by preventing infections for which treatment often includes the use of antibiotics(1-4). However, the effects of vaccination on antibiotic consumption remain poorly understood-especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of antimicrobial resistance is greatest(5). Here we show that vaccines that have recently been implemented in the World Health Organization'  s Expanded Programme on Immunization reduce antibiotic consumption substantially among children under five years of age in LMICs. By analysing data from large-scale studies of households, we estimate that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and live attenuated rotavirus vaccines confer 19.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.4-43.4%) and 11.4% (4.0-18.6%) protection against antibiotic-treated episodes of acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea, respectively, in age groups that experience the greatest disease burden attributable to the vaccine-targeted pathogens(6,7). Under current coverage levels, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines prevent 23.8 million and 13.6 million episodes of antibiotic-treated illness, respectively, among children under five years of age in LMICs each year. Direct protection resulting from the achievement of universal coverage targets for these vaccines could prevent an additional 40.0 million episodes of antibiotic-treated illness. This evidence supports the prioritization of vaccines within the global strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance(8).


Pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines have reduced antibiotic consumption substantially among children under five years old in low- and middle-income countries  however, this effect could be doubled if all countries were to implement vaccination programmes and meet universal vaccine coverage targets.


  
Chemical and source characterization of PM2.5 in summertime in severely polluted Lahore, Pakistan 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 234
作者:  Ahmad, Mushtaq;  Cheng, Siming;  Yu, Qing;  Qin, Weihua;  Zhang, Yuepeng;  Chen, Jing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
South Asia  Air pollution  Black carbon  CWT  Source apportionment  
Non-volatile electric control of spin-charge conversion in a SrTiO3 Rashba system 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 483-+
作者:  Collombet, Samuel;  Ranisavljevic, Noemie;  Nagano, Takashi;  Varnai, Csilla;  Shisode, Tarak;  Leung, Wing;  Piolot, Tristan;  Galupa, Rafael;  Borensztein, Maud;  Servant, Nicolas;  Fraser, Peter;  Ancelin, Katia;  Heard, Edith
收藏  |  浏览/下载:14/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The polarization direction of a ferroelectric-like state can be used to control the conversion of spin currents into charge currents at the surface of strontium titanate, a non-magnetic oxide.


After 50 years of development, the technology of today'  s electronics is approaching its physical limits, with feature sizes smaller than 10 nanometres. It is also becoming clear that the ever-increasing power consumption of information and communication systems(1) needs to be contained. These two factors require the introduction of non-traditional materials and state variables. As recently highlighted(2), the remanence associated with collective switching in ferroic systems is an appealing way to reduce power consumption. A promising approach is spintronics, which relies on ferromagnets to provide non-volatility and to generate and detect spin currents(3). However, magnetization reversal by spin transfer torques(4) is a power-consuming process. This is driving research on multiferroics to achieve low-power electric-field control of magnetization(5), but practical materials are scarce and magnetoelectric switching remains difficult to control. Here we demonstrate an alternative strategy to achieve low-power spin detection, in a non-magnetic system. We harness the electric-field-induced ferroelectric-like state of strontium titanate (SrTiO3)(6-9) to manipulate the spin-orbit properties(10) of a two-dimensional electron gas(11), and efficiently convert spin currents into positive or negative charge currents, depending on the polarization direction. This non-volatile effect opens the way to the electric-field control of spin currents and to ultralow-power spintronics, in which non-volatility would be provided by ferroelectricity rather than by ferromagnetism.