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Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 72-+
作者:  Guido Ceccherini;  Gregory Duveiller;  Giacomo Grassi;  Guido Lemoine;  Valerio Avitabile;  Roberto Pilli;  Alessandro Cescatti
收藏  |  浏览/下载:52/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06

Fine-scale satellite data are used to quantify forest harvest rates in 26 European countries, finding an increase in harvested forest area of 49% and an increase in biomass loss of 69% between 2011-2015 and 2016-2018.


Forests provide a series of ecosystem services that are crucial to our society. In the European Union (EU), forests account for approximately 38% of the total land surface(1). These forests are important carbon sinks, and their conservation efforts are vital for the EU'  s vision of achieving climate neutrality by 2050(2). However, the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by the bioeconomy, poses challenges for sustainable forest management. Here we use fine-scale satellite data to observe an increase in the harvested forest area (49 per cent) and an increase in biomass loss (69 per cent) over Europe for the period of 2016-2018 relative to 2011-2015, with large losses occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Satellite imagery further reveals that the average patch size of harvested area increased by 34 per cent across Europe, with potential effects on biodiversity, soil erosion and water regulation. The increase in the rate of forest harvest is the result of the recent expansion of wood markets, as suggested by econometric indicators on forestry, wood-based bioenergy and international trade. If such a high rate of forest harvest continues, the post-2020 EU vision of forest-based climate mitigation may be hampered, and the additional carbon losses from forests would require extra emission reductions in other sectors in order to reach climate neutrality by 2050(3).


  
A Historical Evaluation of the U15 Complex, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada 科技报告
来源:US Department of Energy (DOE). 出版年: 2014
作者:  Drollinger, Harold;  Holz, Barbara A;  Bullard, Thomas F;  Goldenberg, Nancy G;  Ashbaugh, Laurence J;  Griffin, Wayne R
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
This report presents a historical evaluation of the U15 Complex on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in southern Nevada. The work was conducted by the Desert Research Institute at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy  National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office and the U.S. Department of Defense  Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Three underground nuclear tests and two underground nuclear fuel storage experiments were conducted at the complex. The nuclear tests were Hard Hat in 1962  Tiny Tot in 1965  and Pile Driver in 1966. The Hard Hat and Pile Driver nuclear tests involved different types of experiment sections in test drifts at various distances from the explosion in order to determine which sections could best survive in order to design underground command centers. The Tiny Tot nuclear test involved an underground cavity in which the nuclear test was executed. It also provided data in designing underground structures and facilities to withstand a nuclear attack. The underground nuclear fuel storage experiments were Heater Test 1 from 1977 to 1978 and Spent Fuel Test - Climax from 1978 to 1985. Heater Test 1 was used to design the later Spent Fuel Test - Climax experiment. The latter experiment was a model of a larger underground storage facility and primarily involved recording the conditions of the spent fuel and the surrounding granite medium. Fieldwork was performed intermittently in the summers of 2011 and 2013  totaling 17 days. Access to the underground tunnel complex is sealed and unavailable. Restricted to the surface  four buildings  four structures  and 92 features associated with nuclear testing and fuel storage experiment activities at the U15 Complex have been recorded. Most of these are along the west side of the complex and next to the primary access road and are characteristic of an industrial mining site  albeit one with scientific interests. The geomorphological fieldwork was conducted over three days in the summer of 2011. It was discovered that major modifications to the terrain have resulted from four principal activities. These are road construction and maintenance  mining activities related to development of the tunnel complex  site preparation for activities related to the tests and experiments  and construction of drill pads and retention ponds. Six large trenches for exploring across the Boundary geologic fault are also present. The U15 Complex  designated historic district 143 and site 26NY15177  is eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A  C  and D of 36 CFR Part 60.4. As a historic district and archaeological site eligible to the National Register of Historic Places  the Desert Research Institute recommends that the area defined for the U15 Complex  historic district 143 and site 26NY15117  be left in place in its current condition. The U15 Complex should also be included in the NNSS cultural resources monitoring program and monitored for disturbances or alterations.  
Addendum to the Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 165: Area 25 and 26 Dry Well and Washdown Areas, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0 科技报告
来源:US Department of Energy (DOE). 出版年: 2013
作者:  Krauss, Mark J
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Addendum  Closure Report  CAU 165  Area 25  Area 26  Dry Well  Washdown Areas  
Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 539: Areas 25 and 26 Railroad Tracks Nevada National Security Site, Nevada with ROTC-1, Revision 0 科技报告
来源:US Department of Energy (DOE). 出版年: 2011
作者:  Larsen, Barbara L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
CAU 539  Area 25  Area 26  Railroad Tracks