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Gram-scale bottom-up flash graphene synthesis 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7792) : 647-651
作者:  Long, Haizhen;  Zhang, Liwei;  Lv, Mengjie;  Wen, Zengqi;  Zhang, Wenhao;  Chen, Xiulan;  Zhang, Peitao;  Li, Tongqing;  Chang, Luyuan;  Jin, Caiwei;  Wu, Guozhao;  Wang, Xi;  Yang, Fuquan;  Pei, Jianfeng;  Chen, Ping;  Margueron, Raphael;  Deng, Haiteng;  Zhu, Mingzhao;  Li, Guohong
收藏  |  浏览/下载:39/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Most bulk-scale graphene is produced by a top-down approach, exfoliating graphite, which often requires large amounts of solvent with high-energy mixing, shearing, sonication or electrochemical treatment(1-3). Although chemical oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide promotes exfoliation, it requires harsh oxidants and leaves the graphene with a defective perforated structure after the subsequent reduction step(3,4). Bottom-up synthesis of high-quality graphene is often restricted to ultrasmall amounts if performed by chemical vapour deposition or advanced synthetic organic methods, or it provides a defect-ridden structure if carried out in bulk solution(4-6). Here we show that flash Joule heating of inexpensive carbon sources-such as coal, petroleum coke, biochar, carbon black, discarded food, rubber tyres and mixed plastic waste-can afford gram-scale quantities of graphene in less than one second. The product, named flash graphene (FG) after the process used to produce it, shows turbostratic arrangement (that is, little order) between the stacked graphene layers. FG synthesis uses no furnace and no solvents or reactive gases. Yields depend on the carbon content of the source  when using a high-carbon source, such as carbon black, anthracitic coal or calcined coke, yields can range from 80 to 90 per cent with carbon purity greater than 99 per cent. No purification steps are necessary. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows a low-intensity or absent D band for FG, indicating that FG has among the lowest defect concentrations reported so far for graphene, and confirms the turbostratic stacking of FG, which is clearly distinguished from turbostratic graphite. The disordered orientation of FG layers facilitates its rapid exfoliation upon mixing during composite formation. The electric energy cost for FG synthesis is only about 7.2 kilojoules per gram, which could render FG suitable for use in bulk composites of plastic, metals, plywood, concrete and other building materials.


Flash Joule heating of inexpensive carbon sources is used to produce gram-scale quantities of high-quality graphene in under a second, without the need for a furnace, solvents or reactive gases.


  
Knowing how and knowing when: unpacking public understanding of atmospheric CO2 accumulation 期刊论文
CLIMATIC CHANGE, 2019, 154: 49-67
作者:  Sterner, Erik O.;  Adawi, Tom;  Persson, U. Martin;  Lundqvist, Ulrika
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Stock-flow failure  Climate science literacy  Mixed methods  Mental models  Knowledge  CO2 accumulation  
Inter-comparison and evaluation of mixed-convection schemes in RegCM4 for Indian summer monsoon simulation 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2019, 215: 239-252
作者:  Sinha, P.;  Maurya, R. K. S.;  Mohanty, M. R.;  Mohanty, U. C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Mixed-convection scheme  Regional climate model  Indian Summer Monsoon  Statistical methods  
Connecting global emissions to fundamental human needs and their satisfaction 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (1)
作者:  Vita, Gibran;  Hertwich, Edgar G.;  Stadler, Konstantin;  Wood, Richard
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
fundamental human needs  mixed methods  environmentally extended multi-regional input-output analysis (EXIOBASE)  Max-Neef  carbon & energy footprints  environmental sociology  sustainable wellbeing  
Barriers to implementing climate resilient agricultural strategies: The case of crop diversification in the US Corn Belt 期刊论文
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS, 2018, 48: 206-215
作者:  Roesch-McNally, Gabrielle E.;  Arbuckle, J. G.;  Tyndall, John C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Climate change  Farmer decision making  Crop diversification  Path dependency  Mixed methods  Multi-level modeling  
More Leisure or Higher Pay? A Mixed-methods Study on Reducing Working Time in Austria 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2018, 143: 27-36
作者:  Gerold, Stefanie;  Nocker, Matthias
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Working-time reduction  Working-time policy  Preferences  Overemployment  Mixed methods  Labour supply  
A Framework for Decoupling Human Need Satisfaction From Energy Use 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2017, 141
作者:  Brand-Correa, Lina I.;  Steinberger, Julia K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:21/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Energy services  Human needs  Well-being  Development  Climate change  Mixed methods  
A mixed methods approach to urban ecosystem services: Experienced environmental quality and its role in ecosystem assessment within an inner-city estate 期刊论文
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2017, 161: 43759
作者:  Meri, Juntti;  Lian, Lundy
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Urban ecosystem services  Ecosystem service assessment  Mixed methods  Liveability  Experienced environmental quality