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欧洲2022年夏季的多重危机状态 快报文章
资源环境快报,2022年第18期
作者:  魏艳红
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:623/0  |  提交时间:2022/10/01
EEA  Multiple Crises  Climate Crisis  Humanitarian Crisis  
IPBES发布《自然多重价值及其估值评估报告》的决策者摘要 快报文章
资源环境快报,2022年第14期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:684/1  |  提交时间:2022/07/31
Multiple Values of Nature  Assessment  
科研人员开发衡量热带森林对气候与人类影响的脆弱性指数 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第15期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:520/0  |  提交时间:2021/08/16
Tropical Forest Vulnerability Index  Multiple Stressors  
Using a newly introduced framework to measure ecological stressor interactions 期刊论文
ECOLOGY LETTERS, 2020
作者:  Tekin, Elif;  Diamant, Eleanor S.;  Cruz-Loya, Mauricio;  Enriquez, Vivien;  Singh, Nina;  Savage, Van M.;  Yeh, Pamela J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:23/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06
Antagonism  antibiotics  food webs  multiple stressors  synergy  
Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 399-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载:42/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Alzheimer'  s disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation has a critical function(1). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive immune response in Alzheimer'  s disease(2). Here, using integrated analyses of multiple cohorts, we identify peripheral and central adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer'  s disease. First, we performed mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and discovered an immune signature of Alzheimer'  s disease that consists of increased numbers of CD8(+) T effector memory CD45RA(+) (T-EMRA) cells. In a second cohort, we found that CD8(+) T-EMRA cells were negatively associated with cognition. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that T cell receptor (TCR) signalling was enhanced in these cells. Notably, by using several strategies of single-cell TCR sequencing in a third cohort, we discovered clonally expanded CD8(+) T-EMRA cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease. Finally, we used machine learning, cloning and peptide screens to demonstrate the specificity of clonally expanded TCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease to two separate Epstein-Barr virus antigens. These results reveal an adaptive immune response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer'  s disease and provide evidence of clonal, antigen-experienced T cells patrolling the intrathecal space of brains affected by age-related neurodegeneration.


  
Cortical pattern generation during dexterous movement is input-driven 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 386-+
作者:  Cyranoski, David
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The motor cortex controls skilled arm movement by sending temporal patterns of activity to lower motor centres(1). Local cortical dynamics are thought to shape these patterns throughout movement execution(2-4). External inputs have been implicated in setting the initial state of the motor cortex(5,6), but they may also have a pattern-generating role. Here we dissect the contribution of local dynamics and inputs to cortical pattern generation during a prehension task in mice. Perturbing cortex to an aberrant state prevented movement initiation, but after the perturbation was released, cortex either bypassed the normal initial state and immediately generated the pattern that controls reaching or failed to generate this pattern. The difference in these two outcomes was probably a result of external inputs. We directly investigated the role of inputs by inactivating the thalamus  this perturbed cortical activity and disrupted limb kinematics at any stage of the movement. Activation of thalamocortical axon terminals at different frequencies disrupted cortical activity and arm movement in a graded manner. Simultaneous recordings revealed that both thalamic activity and the current state of cortex predicted changes in cortical activity. Thus, the pattern generator for dexterous arm movement is distributed across multiple, strongly interacting brain regions.


  
Evaluation of multiple gridded precipitation datasets for the arid region of northwestern China 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 236
作者:  Yao, Junqiang;  Chen, Yaning;  Yu, Xiaojing;  Zhao, Yong;  Guan, Xuefeng;  Yang, Lianmei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Gridded precipitation  Multiple datasets  Systematically evaluate  Arid region of northwestern China (ARNC)  
Evaluation and comparison of the precipitation detection ability of multiple satellite products in a typical agriculture area of China 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 236
作者:  Peng, Fanchen;  Zhao, Shuhe;  Chen, Cheng;  Cong, Dianmin;  Wang, Yamei;  Ouyang, Hongda
收藏  |  浏览/下载:22/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
IMERG VO6B  Multiple satellite precipitation  Evaluation  Precipitation detection capability  Huanghuaihai Plain  
Somatic inflammatory gene mutations in human ulcerative colitis epithelium 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7789) : 254-+
作者:  Nanki, Kosaku;  Fujii, Masayuki;  Shimokawa, Mariko;  Matano, Mami;  Nishikori, Shingo;  Date, Shoichi;  Takano, Ai;  Toshimitsu, Kohta;  Ohta, Yuki;  Takahashi, Sirirat;  Sugimoto, Shinya;  Ishimaru, Kazuhiro;  Kawasaki, Kenta;  Nagai, Yoko;  Ishii, Ryota;  Yoshida, Kosuke;  Sasaki, Nobuo;  Hibi, Toshifumi;  Ishihara, Soichiro;  Kanai, Takanori;  Sato, Toshiro
收藏  |  浏览/下载:28/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

With ageing, normal human tissues experience an expansion of somatic clones that carry cancer mutations(1-7). However, whether such clonal expansion exists in the non-neoplastic intestine remains unknown. Here, using whole-exome sequencing data from 76 clonal human colon organoids, we identify a unique pattern of somatic mutagenesis in the inflamed epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. The affected epithelium accumulates somatic mutations in multiple genes that are related to IL-17 signalling-including NFKBIZ, ZC3H12A and PIGR, which are genes that are rarely affected in colon cancer. Targeted sequencing validates the pervasive spread of mutations that are related to IL-17 signalling. Unbiased CRISPR-based knockout screening in colon organoids reveals that the mutations confer resistance to the proapoptotic response that is induced by IL-17A. Some of these genetic mutations are known to exacerbate experimental colitis in mice(8-11), and somatic mutagenesis in human colon epithelium may be causally linked to the inflammatory process. Our findings highlight a genetic landscape that adapts to a hostile microenvironment, and demonstrate its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.


  
IL-17a promotes sociability in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7789) : 249-+
作者:  Reed, Michael Douglas;  Yim, Yeong Shin;  Wimmer, Ralf D.;  Kim, Hyunju;  Ryu, Changhyeon;  Welch, Gwyneth Margaret;  Andina, Matias;  King, Hunter Oren;  Waisman, Ari;  Halassa, Michael M.;  Huh, Jun R.;  Choi, Gloria B.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:31/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

A subset of children with autism spectrum disorder appear to show an improvement in their behavioural symptoms during the course of a fever, a sign of systemic inflammation(1,2). Here we elucidate the molecular and neural mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of inflammation on social behaviour deficits in mice. We compared an environmental model of neurodevelopmental disorders in which mice were exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) during embryogenesis(3,4) with mouse models that are genetically deficient for contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2)(5), fragile X mental retardation-1 (Fmr1)(6) or Sh3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3)(7). We establish that the social behaviour deficits in offspring exposed to MIA can be temporarily rescued by the inflammatory response elicited by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This behavioural rescue was accompanied by a reduction in neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex dysgranular zone (S1DZ), the hyperactivity of which was previously implicated in the manifestation of behavioural phenotypes associated with offspring exposed to MIA(8). By contrast, we did not observe an LPS-induced rescue of social deficits in the monogenic models. We demonstrate that the differences in responsiveness to the LPS treatment between the MIA and the monogenic models emerge from differences in the levels of cytokine production. LPS treatment in monogenic mutant mice did not induce amounts of interleukin-17a (IL-17a) comparable to those induced in MIA offspring  bypassing this difference by directly delivering IL-17a into S1DZ was sufficient to promote sociability in monogenic mutant mice as well as in MIA offspring. Conversely, abrogating the expression of IL-17 receptor subunit a (IL-17Ra) in the neurons of the S1DZ eliminated the ability of LPS to reverse the sociability phenotypes in MIA offspring. Our data support a neuroimmune mechanism that underlies neurodevelopmental disorders in which the production of IL-17a during inflammation can ameliorate the expression of social behaviour deficits by directly affecting neuronal activity in the central nervous system.