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Antagonistic cooperativity between crystal growth modifiers 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 497-+
作者:  Ma, Wenchuan;  Lutsko, James F.;  Rimer, Jeffrey D.;  Vekilov, Peter G.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：13/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

Inhibitor pairs that suppress the crystallization of haematin, which is a part of malaria parasites'  physiology, show unexpected antagonism due to attenuation of step pinning by kink blockers.


Ubiquitous processes in nature and the industry exploit crystallization from multicomponent environments(1-5)  however, laboratory efforts have focused on the crystallization of pure solutes(6,7) and the effects of single growth modifiers(8,9). Here we examine the molecular mechanisms employed by pairs of inhibitors in blocking the crystallization of haematin, which is a model organic compound with relevance to the physiology of malaria parasites(10,11). We use a combination of scanning probe microscopy and molecular modelling to demonstrate that inhibitor pairs, whose constituents adopt distinct mechanisms of haematin growth inhibition, kink blocking and step pinning(12,13), exhibit both synergistic and antagonistic cooperativity depending on the inhibitor combination and applied concentrations. Synergism between two crystal growth modifiers is expected, but the antagonistic cooperativity of haematin inhibitors is not reflected in current crystal growth models. We demonstrate that kink blockers reduce the line tension of step edges, which facilitates both the nucleation of crystal layers and step propagation through the gates created by step pinners. The molecular viewpoint on cooperativity between crystallization modifiers provides guidance on the pairing of modifiers in the synthesis of crystalline materials. The proposed mechanisms indicate strategies to understand and control crystallization in both natural and engineered systems, which occurs in complex multicomponent media(1-3,8,9). In a broader context, our results highlight the complexity of crystal-modifier interactions mediated by the structure and dynamics of the crystal interface.


  
A narrative and systematic review of the behavioural, cognitive and emotional effects of passive nature exposure on young people: Evidence for prescribing change 期刊论文
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2019, 189: 71-79
作者:  Norwood, Michael Francis;  Lakhani, Ali;  Fullagar, Simone;  Maujean, Annick;  Downes, Martin;  Byrne, Jason;  Stewart, Anna;  Barber, Bonnie;  Kendall, Elizabeth
收藏  |  浏览/下载：20/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
Children  Natural environments  Literature review  ADHD  Emotion  Learning  
Marine ecological baselines and environmental impact assessment studies in the Sudanese coastal zone. A review 科技报告
来源：Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO). 出版年： 2015
作者:  Beyer, Jonny;  Staalstrøm, Andre;  Wathne, Bente Margrethe;  Omer, Rihab Kamal;  Ahmed, Siddig Eissa
收藏  |  浏览/下载：10/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/05
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400  VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400  Kunnskapsoversikt baselines / Knowledge overview, baselines  Marine økologiske ressurser og miljøstatus / Marine ecological resources and environmental status  Rødehavet og kystmiljø / Red Sea and coastal environments  Sudan / Sudan