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Improved protein structure prediction using potentials from deep learning 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7792) : 706-+
作者:  Ma, Runze;  Cao, Duanyun;  Zhu, Chongqin;  Tian, Ye;  Peng, Jinbo;  Guo, Jing;  Chen, Ji;  Li, Xin-Zheng;  Francisco, Joseph S.;  Zeng, Xiao Cheng;  Xu, Li-Mei;  Wang, En-Ge;  Jiang, Ying
收藏  |  浏览/下载：158/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

Protein structure prediction can be used to determine the three-dimensional shape of a protein from its amino acid sequence(1). This problem is of fundamental importance as the structure of a protein largely determines its function(2)  however, protein structures can be difficult to determine experimentally. Considerable progress has recently been made by leveraging genetic information. It is possible to infer which amino acid residues are in contact by analysing covariation in homologous sequences, which aids in the prediction of protein structures(3). Here we show that we can train a neural network to make accurate predictions of the distances between pairs of residues, which convey more information about the structure than contact predictions. Using this information, we construct a potential of mean force(4) that can accurately describe the shape of a protein. We find that the resulting potential can be optimized by a simple gradient descent algorithm to generate structures without complex sampling procedures. The resulting system, named AlphaFold, achieves high accuracy, even for sequences with fewer homologous sequences. In the recent Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction(5) (CASP13)-a blind assessment of the state of the field-AlphaFold created high-accuracy structures (with template modelling (TM) scores(6) of 0.7 or higher) for 24 out of 43 free modelling domains, whereas the next best method, which used sampling and contact information, achieved such accuracy for only 14 out of 43 domains. AlphaFold represents a considerable advance in protein-structure prediction. We expect this increased accuracy to enable insights into the function and malfunction of proteins, especially in cases for which no structures for homologous proteins have been experimentally determined(7).


  
Assessing progress towards sustainable development over space and time 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 74-+
作者:  Xu, Zhenci;  Chau, Sophia N.;  Chen, Xiuzhi;  Zhang, Jian;  Li, Yingjie;  Dietz, Thomas;  Wang, Jinyan;  Winkler, Julie A.;  Fan, Fan;  Huang, Baorong;  Li, Shuxin;  Wu, Shaohua;  Herzberger, Anna;  Tang, Ying;  Hong, Dequ;  Li, Yunkai;  Liu, Jianguo
收藏  |  浏览/下载：40/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

To address global challenges(1-4), 193 countries have committed to the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(5). Quantifying progress towards achieving the SDGs is essential to track global efforts towards sustainable development and guide policy development and implementation. However, systematic methods for assessing spatio-temporal progress towards achieving the SDGs are lacking. Here we develop and test systematic methods to quantify progress towards the 17 SDGs at national and subnational levels in China. Our analyses indicate that China'  s SDG Index score (an aggregate score representing the overall performance towards achieving all 17 SDGs) increased at the national level from 2000 to 2015. Every province also increased its SDG Index score over this period. There were large spatio-temporal variations across regions. For example, eastern China had a higher SDG Index score than western China in the 2000s, and southern China had a higher SDG Index score than northern China in 2015. At the national level, the scores of 13 of the 17 SDGs improved over time, but the scores of four SDGs declined. This study suggests the need to track the spatio-temporal dynamics of progress towards SDGs at the global level and in other nations.


  
Do residential building energy efficiency standards reduce energy consumption in China? - A data-driven method to validate the actual performance of building energy efficiency standards 期刊论文
ENERGY POLICY, 2019, 131: 82-98
作者:  Wang, Xia;  Feng, Wei;  Cai, Weiguang;  Ren, Hong;  Ding, Chao;  Zhou, Nan
收藏  |  浏览/下载：17/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
Effectiveness of residential building energy efficiency standards  Household electricity consumption  Propensity scores matching method  Micro household survey  
Performance-based projection of the climate-change effects on precipitation extremes in East Asia using two metrics 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019, 39 (4) : 2324-2335
作者:  Kwon, Sang-Hoon;  Kim, Jinwon;  Boo, Kyung-On;  Shim, Sungbo;  Kim, Youngmi;  Byun, Young-Hwa
收藏  |  浏览/下载：15/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/26
climate change  East Asia  extreme precipitation  multi-model ensemble  performance-based  skill scores  
WRF simulations for a heavy rainfall event in southern Italy: Verification and sensitivity tests 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2018, 209: 14-35
作者:  Avolio, Elenio;  Federico, Stefano
收藏  |  浏览/下载：18/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
WRF model  Heavy rain  Flood  Parameterization schemes  Scores  
What makes for compelling science? Evidential diversity in the evaluation of scientific arguments 期刊论文
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS, 2018, 49: 186-196
作者:  Kary, Arthur;  Newell, Ben R.;  Hayes, Brett K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：13/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
Reasoning  Science communication  Diversity effect  Best-worst scores  Discrete choice experiment  Climate change  Public health