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Bacterial coexistence driven by motility and spatial competition 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7796) : 588-+
作者:  Micke, P.;  Leopold, T.;  King, S. A.;  Benkler, E.;  Spiess, L. J.;  Schmoeger, L.;  Schwarz, M.;  Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, J. R.;  Schmidt, P. O.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Elucidating elementary mechanisms that underlie bacterial diversity is central to ecology(1,2) and microbiome research(3). Bacteria are known to coexist by metabolic specialization(4), cooperation(5) and cyclic warfare(6-8). Many species are also motile(9), which is studied in terms of mechanism(10,11), benefit(12,13), strategy(14,15), evolution(16,17) and ecology(18,19). Indeed, bacteria often compete for nutrient patches that become available periodically or by random disturbances(2,20,21). However, the role of bacterial motility in coexistence remains unexplored experimentally. Here we show that-for mixed bacterial populations that colonize nutrient patches-either population outcompetes the other when low in relative abundance. This inversion of the competitive hierarchy is caused by active segregation and spatial exclusion within the patch: a small fast-moving population can outcompete a large fast-growing population by impeding its migration into the patch, while a small fast-growing population can outcompete a large fast-moving population by expelling it from the initial contact area. The resulting spatial segregation is lost for weak growth-migration trade-offs and a lack of virgin space, but is robust to population ratio, density and chemotactic ability, and is observed in both laboratory and wild strains. These findings show that motility differences and their trade-offs with growth are sufficient to promote diversity, and suggest previously undescribed roles for motility in niche formation and collective expulsion-containment strategies beyond individual search and survival.


In mixed bacterial populations that colonize nutrient patches, a growth-migration trade-off can lead to spatial exclusion that provides an advantage to populations that become rare, thereby stabilizing the community.


  
China's Evolving Approach to "Integrated Strategic Deterrence" 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2016
作者:  Michael S. Chase;  Arthur Chan
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
United States  Information Operations  Cyber Warfare  China  Nuclear Deterrence  Space Warfare  
Enhancing Space Resilience Through Non-Materiel Means 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2016
作者:  Gary McLeod;  George Nacouzi;  Paul Dreyer;  Mel Eisman;  Myron Hura;  Krista Langeland;  David Manheim;  Geoffrey Torrington
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Military Budgets and Defense Spending  Outer Space  Military Education and Training  Space Warfare  United States Air Force  Students  
The U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996-2017 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2015
作者:  Eric Heginbotham;  Michael Nixon;  Forrest E. Morgan;  Jacob Heim;  Jeff Hagen;  Sheng Li;  Jeffrey Engstrom;  Martin C. Libicki;  Paul DeLuca;  David A. Shlapak;  et al.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Global Security  Air Warfare  United States  Cyber Warfare  Nuclear Weapons and Warfare  Air Defense  Spratly Islands  Antisubmarine Warfare  Taiwan  Space Warfare  Submarines