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树轮揭示科罗拉多河流域在2世纪遭遇极端干旱 快报文章
资源环境快报,2022年第12期
作者:  牛艺博
Microsoft Word(35Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:667/0  |  提交时间:2022/07/01
Tree-ring  the Colorado River basin  Drought  
新模型定量评估加州干旱对经济和环境的影响 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第15期
作者:  李恒吉
Microsoft Word(366Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:369/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/16
Model  The drought  
土地退化零增长下的水安全与抗旱 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第15期
作者:  吴秀平
Microsoft Word(21Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:364/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/16
Zero land growth  Water security  The drought  
Investigation to the relation between meteorological drought and hydrological drought in the upper Shaying River Basin using wavelet analysis 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 234
作者:  Li, Qiongfang;  He, Pengfei;  He, Yongchang;  Han, Xingye;  Zeng, Tianshan;  Lu, Guobin;  Wang, Hongjie
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Meteorological drought  Hydrological drought  Propagation time  The wavelet analysis  Upper Shaying River Basin  
Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7797) : 80-+
作者:  Wannes Hubau;  Simon L. Lewis;  Oliver L. Phillips;  Kofi Affum-Baffoe;  Hans Beeckman;  Aida Cuní;  -Sanchez;  Armandu K. Daniels;  Corneille E. N. Ewango;  Sophie Fauset;  Jacques M. Mukinzi;  Douglas Sheil;  Bonaventure Sonké;  Martin J. P. Sullivan;  Terry C. H. Sunderland;  Hermann Taedoumg;  Sean C. Thomas;  Lee J. T. White;  Katharine A. Abernethy;  Stephen Adu-Bredu;  Christian A. Amani;  Timothy R. Baker;  Lindsay F. Banin;  Fidè;  le Baya;  Serge K. Begne;  Amy C. Bennett;  Fabrice Benedet;  Robert Bitariho;  Yannick E. Bocko;  Pascal Boeckx;  Patrick Boundja;  Roel J. W. Brienen;  Terry Brncic;  Eric Chezeaux;  George B. Chuyong;  Connie J. Clark;  Murray Collins;  James A. Comiskey;  David A. Coomes;  Greta C. Dargie;  Thales de Haulleville;  Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem;  Jean-Louis Doucet;  Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert;  Ted R. Feldpausch;  Alusine Fofanah;  Ernest G. Foli;  Martin Gilpin;  Emanuel Gloor;  Christelle Gonmadje;  Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury;  Jefferson S. Hall;  Alan C. Hamilton;  David J. Harris;  Terese B. Hart;  Mireille B. N. Hockemba;  Annette Hladik;  Suspense A. Ifo;  Kathryn J. Jeffery;  Tommaso Jucker;  Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu;  Elizabeth Kearsley;  David Kenfack;  Alexander Koch;  Miguel E. Leal;  Aurora Levesley;  Jeremy A. Lindsell;  Janvier Lisingo;  Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez;  Jon C. Lovett;  Jean-Remy Makana;  Yadvinder Malhi;  Andrew R. Marshall;  Jim Martin;  Emanuel H. Martin;  Faustin M. Mbayu;  Vincent P. Medjibe;  Vianet Mihindou;  Edward T. A. Mitchard;  Sam Moore;  Pantaleo K. T. Munishi;  Natacha Nssi Bengone;  Lucas Ojo;  Fidè;  le Evouna Ondo;  Kelvin S.-H. Peh;  Georgia C. Pickavance;  Axel Dalberg Poulsen;  John R. Poulsen;  Lan Qie;  Jan Reitsma;  Francesco Rovero;  Michael D. Swaine;  Joey Talbot;  James Taplin;  David M. Taylor;  Duncan W. Thomas;  Benjamin Toirambe;  John Tshibamba Mukendi;  Darlington Tuagben;  Peter M. Umunay;  Geertje M. F. van der Heijden;  Hans Verbeeck;  Jason Vleminckx;  Simon Willcock;  Hannsjö;  rg Wö;  ll;  John T. Woods;  Lise Zemagho
收藏  |  浏览/下载:72/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions(1-3). Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest '  carbon sink'  will continue for decades(4,5). Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53-0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests(6). Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth'  s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature(7-9). Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth'  s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass(10) reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth'  s climate.


  
The strength and pattern of natural selection on gene expression in rice 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7796) : 572-+
作者:  Lipson, Mark;  Ribot, Isabelle;  Mallick, Swapan;  Rohland, Nadin;  Olalde, Inigo;  Adamski, Nicole;  Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen;  Lawson, Ann Marie;  Lopez, Saioa;  Oppenheimer, Jonas;  Stewardson, Kristin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:33/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Levels of gene expression underpin organismal phenotypes(1,2), but the nature of selection that acts on gene expression and its role in adaptive evolution remain unknown(1,2). Here we assayed gene expression in rice (Oryza sativa)(3), and used phenotypic selection analysis to estimate the type and strength of selection on the levels of more than 15,000 transcripts(4,5). Variation in most transcripts appears (nearly) neutral or under very weak stabilizing selection in wet paddy conditions (with median standardized selection differentials near zero), but selection is stronger under drought conditions. Overall, more transcripts are conditionally neutral (2.83%) than are antagonistically pleiotropic(6) (0.04%), and transcripts that display lower levels of expression and stochastic noise(7-9) and higher levels of plasticity(9) are under stronger selection. Selection strength was further weakly negatively associated with levels of cis-regulation and network connectivity(9). Our multivariate analysis suggests that selection acts on the expression of photosynthesis genes(4,5), but that the efficacy of selection is genetically constrained under drought conditions(10). Drought selected for earlier flowering(11,12) and a higher expression of OsMADS18 (Os07g0605200), which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor and is a known regulator of early flowering(13)-marking this gene as a drought-escape gene(11,12). The ability to estimate selection strengths provides insights into how selection can shape molecular traits at the core of gene action.


Phenotypic selection analysis is used to estimate the type and strength of selection that acts on more than 15,000 transcripts in rice (Oryza sativa), which provides insight into the adaptive evolutionary role of selection on gene expression.


  
Connecting Indonesian Fires and Drought With the Type of El Nino and Phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole During 1979-2016 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2018, 123 (15) : 7974-7988
作者:  Pan, Xiaohua;  Chin, Mian;  Ichoku, Charles M.;  Field, Robert D.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Indonesian fires  the type of El Nino  IOD  drought  Walker circulation  fire forecast  
Interdecadal moisture patterns and teleconnections in Monsoonal Asia over the past seven centuries 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2017, 37 (2)
作者:  Zhou, Feifei;  Fang, Keyan;  Zhang, Fen;  Li, Yingjun
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
interdecadal timescales  moisture teleconnections  Monsoonal Asia Drought Atlas  self-organizing map  during the past seven centuries  
Beyond reaction 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2014
作者:  [null]
收藏  |  浏览/下载:18/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Climate change  Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Drought  Region III - South America  Region IV - North America, Central America and the Caribbean  Honduras  El Salvador  Nicaragua  
Beyond reaction: drought and climate change in Central America 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2014
作者:  [null]
收藏  |  浏览/下载:14/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Climate change  Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Drought  Region III - South America  Region IV - North America, Central America and the Caribbean  Honduras  El Salvador  Nicaragua