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A reaction chamber for chromatin modification 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7800) : 503-504
作者:  Inomata, Takeshi;  Triadan, Daniela;  Vazquez Lopez, Veronica A.;  Fernandez-Diaz, Juan Carlos;  Omori, Takayuki;  Mendez Bauer, Maria Belen;  Garcia Hernandez, Melina;  Beach, Timothy;  Cagnato, Clarissa;  Aoyama, Kazuo;  Nasu, Hiroo
收藏  |  浏览/下载:20/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Chromatin, the complex of DNA and protein in cell nuclei, can be modified by ubiquitin molecules. It emerges that this modification occurs in a molecular reaction chamber formed from an enzyme and a scaffold protein.


A phase-separated reaction chamber for chromatin ubiquitination.


  
Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7807) : 184-+
作者:  Liang, Guanxiang;  Zhao, Chunyu;  Zhang, Huanjia;  Mattei, Lisa;  Sherrill-Mix, Scott;  Bittinger, Kyle;  Kessler, Lyanna R.;  Wu, Gary D.;  Baldassano, Robert N.;  DeRusso, Patricia;  Ford, Eileen;  Elovitz, Michal A.;  Kelly, Matthew S.;  Patel, Mohamed Z.;  Mazhani, Tiny;  Gerber, Jeffrey S.;  Kelly, Andrea;  Zemel, Babette S.;  Bushman, Frederic D.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:41/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/20

A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog(1,2), but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling(3). If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below -15 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid-base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms(4,5).


  
Atmospheric ice nuclei concentration measurements over a high altitude-station in the Western Ghats, India 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 235
作者:  Kumar, V. Anil;  Pandithurai, G.;  Kulkarni, Gourihar;  Hazra, Anupam;  Patil, Sachin S.;  Dudhambe, Shrikant D.;  Patil, Rohit D.;  Chen, Jen-Ping;  Niranjan, K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:22/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Ice nuclei  Continuous flow diffusion chamber  Aerosol properties  
Structure and mechanism of human diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7808) : 329-+
作者:  Wu, Fan;  Zhao, Su;  Yu, Bin;  Chen, Yan-Mei;  Wang, Wen;  Song, Zhi-Gang;  Hu, Yi;  Tao, Zhao-Wu;  Tian, Jun-Hua;  Pei, Yuan-Yuan;  Yuan, Ming-Li;  Zhang, Yu-Ling;  Dai, Fa-Hui;  Liu, Yi;  Wang, Qi-Min;  Zheng, Jiao-Jiao;  Xu, Lin;  Holmes, Edward C.;  Zhang, Yong-Zhen
收藏  |  浏览/下载:56/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The structure of human diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, a membrane protein that synthesizes triacylglycerides, is solved with cryo-electron microscopy, providing insight into its function and mechanism of enzymatic activity.


Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) synthesizes triacylglycerides and is required for dietary fat absorption and fat storage in humans(1). DGAT1 belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily, members of which are found in all kingdoms of life and are involved in the acylation of lipids and proteins(2,3). How human DGAT1 and other mammalian members of the MBOAT family recognize their substrates and catalyse their reactions is unknown. The absence of three-dimensional structures also hampers rational targeting of DGAT1 for therapeutic purposes. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human DGAT1 in complex with an oleoyl-CoA substrate. Each DGAT1 protomer has nine transmembrane helices, eight of which form a conserved structural fold that we name the MBOAT fold. The MBOAT fold in DGAT1 forms a hollow chamber in the membrane that encloses highly conserved catalytic residues. The chamber has separate entrances for each of the two substrates, fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol. DGAT1 can exist as either a homodimer or a homotetramer and the two forms have similar enzymatic activity. The N terminus of DGAT1 interacts with the neighbouring protomer and these interactions are required for enzymatic activity.


  
Quantifying the Controls on Evapotranspiration Partitioning in the Highest Alpine Meadow Ecosystem 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2020, 56 (4)
作者:  Cui, Jiangpeng;  Tian, Lide;  Wei, Zhongwang;  Huntingford, Chris;  Wang, Pei;  Cai, Zhongyin;  Ma, Ning;  Wang, Lixin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
chamber  evapotranspiration partitioning  leaf area index  soil water content  stable isotopes  Tibetan Plateau  
CO2 emissions from an undrained tropical peatland: Interacting influences of temperature, shading and water table depth 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (9) : 2885-2899
作者:  Hoyt, Alison M.;  Gandois, Laure;  Eri, Jangarun;  Kai, Fuu Ming;  Harvey, Charles F.;  Cobb, Alexander R.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:20/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
closed dynamic chamber technique  CO2 flux  diurnal cycle  heterotrophic respiration  soil temperature  Southeast Asia  tropical peatland  
High-frequency greenhouse gas flux measurement system detects winter storm surge effects on salt marsh 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2018, 24 (12) : 5961-5971
作者:  Diefenderfer, Heida L.;  Cullinan, Valerie I.;  Borde, Amy B.;  Gunn, Cailene M.;  Thom, Ronald M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:34/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
CO2  greenhouse gas  salt marsh  Sarcocornia perennis  soil-flux chamber  storm surge  sustained-flux global warming potential  terrestrial-aquatic  
Hydrological response of biological soil crusts to global warming: A ten-year simulative study 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2018, 24 (10) : 4960-4971
作者:  Li, Xin-Rong;  Jia, Rong-Liang;  Zhang, Zhi-Shan;  Zhang, Peng;  Hui, Rong
收藏  |  浏览/下载:18/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
biological soil crusts  dew entrapment  evaporation  infiltration  open-top chamber  warming and reduced precipitation  
Comparison of crop yield sensitivity to ozone between open-top chamber and free-air experiments 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2018, 24 (6) : 2231-2238
作者:  Feng, Zhaozhong;  Uddling, Johan;  Tang, Haoye;  Zhu, Jianguo;  Kobayashi, Kazuhiko
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
crop yield  FACE  open-top chamber  ozone  sensitivity  
Greenhouse gas fluxes over managed grasslands in Central Europe 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2018, 24 (5) : 1843-1872
作者:  Hoertnagl, Lukas;  Barthel, Matti;  Buchmann, Nina;  Eugster, Werner;  Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus;  Diaz-Pines, Eugenio;  Zeeman, Matthias;  Klumpp, Katja;  Kiese, Ralf;  Bahn, Michael;  Hammerle, Albin;  Lu, Haiyan;  Ladreiter-Knauss, Thomas;  Burri, Susanne;  Merbold, Lutz
收藏  |  浏览/下载:38/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
carbon dioxide  chamber  eddy covariance  emission factor  fertilizer  grazing  livestock  management  methane  nitrous oxide