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2023年全球94%的海洋表面经历至少一次热浪事件 快报文章
资源环境快报，2024年第17期
作者:  魏艳红
Microsoft Word(17Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：390/0  |  提交时间：2024/09/15
NOC  Global Sea Level  Sea Surface Temperatures  
澳研究讨论后净零世界的未知情况 快报文章
气候变化快报，2022年第17期
作者:  迪里努尔,刘燕飞
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：675/0  |  提交时间：2022/09/05
post-net-zero  greenhouse gas emissions  global-average temperatures  
Highly porous nature of a primitive asteroid revealed by thermal imaging 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7800) : 518-522
作者:  Quinn, Robert A.;  Melnik, Alexey, V;  Vrbanac, Alison;  Fu, Ting;  Patras, Kathryn A.;  Christy, Mitchell P.;  Bodai, Zsolt;  Belda-Ferre, Pedro;  Tripathi, Anupriya;  Chung, Lawton K.;  Downes, Michael;  Welch, Ryan D.;  Quinn, Melissa;  Humphrey, Greg;  Panitchpakdi, Morgan;  Weldon, Kelly C.;  Aksenov, Alexander;  da Silva, Ricardo;  Avila-Pacheco, Julian;  Clish, Clary;  Bae, Sena;  Mallick, Himel;  Franzosa, Eric A.;  Lloyd-Price, Jason;  Bussell, Robert;  Thron, Taren;  Nelson, Andrew T.;  Wang, Mingxun;  Leszczynski, Eric;  Vargas, Fernando;  Gauglitz, Julia M.;  Meehan, Michael J.;  Gentry, Emily;  Arthur, Timothy D.;  Komor, Alexis C.;  Poulsen, Orit;  Boland, Brigid S.;  Chang, John T.;  Sandborn, William J.;  Lim, Meerana;  Garg, Neha;  Lumeng, Julie C.;  Xavier, Ramnik J.;  Kazmierczak, Barbara, I;  Jain, Ruchi;  Egan, Marie;  Rhee, Kyung E.;  Ferguson, David;  Raffatellu, Manuela;  Vlamakis, Hera;  Haddad, Gabriel G.;  Siegel, Dionicio;  Huttenhower, Curtis;  Mazmanian, Sarkis K.;  Evans, Ronald M.;  Nizet, Victor;  Knight, Rob;  Dorrestein, Pieter C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：97/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

Carbonaceous (C-type) asteroids(1) are relics of the early Solar System that have preserved primitive materials since their formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago. They are probably analogues of carbonaceous chondrites(2,3) and are essential for understanding planetary formation processes. However, their physical properties remain poorly known because carbonaceous chondrite meteoroids tend not to survive entry to Earth'  s atmosphere. Here we report on global one-rotation thermographic images of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu, taken by the thermal infrared imager (TIR)(4) onboard the spacecraft Hayabusa2(5), indicating that the asteroid'  s boulders and their surroundings have similar temperatures, with a derived thermal inertia of about 300 J m(-2) s(-0.5) K-1 (300 tiu). Contrary to predictions that the surface consists of regolith and dense boulders, this low thermal inertia suggests that the boulders are more porous than typical carbonaceous chondrites(6) and that their surroundings are covered with porous fragments more than 10 centimetres in diameter. Close-up thermal images confirm the presence of such porous fragments and the flat diurnal temperature profiles suggest a strong surface roughness effect(7,8). We also observed in the close-up thermal images boulders that are colder during the day, with thermal inertia exceeding 600 tiu, corresponding to dense boulders similar to typical carbonaceous chondrites(6). These results constrain the formation history of Ryugu: the asteroid must be a rubble pile formed from impact fragments of a parent body with microporosity(9) of approximately 30 to 50 per cent that experienced a low degree of consolidation. The dense boulders might have originated from the consolidated innermost region or they may have an exogenic origin. This high-porosity asteroid may link cosmic fluffy dust to dense celestial bodies(10).


Thermal imaging data obtained from the spacecraft Hayabusa2 reveal that the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu is an object of unusually high porosity.


  
The past and future of global river ice 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 69-+
作者:  Yang, Xiao;  Pavelsky, Tamlin M.;  Allen, George H.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：41/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

More than one-third of Earth'  s landmass is drained by rivers that seasonally freeze over. Ice transforms the hydrologic(1,2), ecologic(3,4), climatic(5) and socio-economic(6-8) functions of river corridors. Although river ice extent has been shown to be declining in many regions of the world(1), the seasonality, historical change and predicted future changes in river ice extent and duration have not yet been quantified globally. Previous studies of river ice, which suggested that declines in extent and duration could be attributed to warming temperatures(9,10), were based on data from sparse locations. Furthermore, existing projections of future ice extent are based solely on the location of the 0-degrees C isotherm11. Here, using satellite observations, we show that the global extent of river ice is declining, and we project a mean decrease in seasonal ice duration of 6.10 +/- 0.08 days per 1-degrees C increase in global mean surface air temperature. We tracked the extent of river ice using over 400,000 clear-sky Landsat images spanning 1984-2018 and observed a mean decline of 2.5 percentage points globally in the past three decades. To project future changes in river ice extent, we developed an observationally calibrated and validated model, based on temperature and season, which reduced the mean bias by 87 per cent compared with the 0-degree-Celsius isotherm approach. We applied this model to future climate projections for 2080-2100: compared with 2009-2029, the average river ice duration declines by 16.7 days under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, whereas under RCP 4.5 it declines on average by 7.3 days. Our results show that, globally, river ice is measurably declining and will continue to decline linearly with projected increases in surface air temperature towards the end of this century.


  
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 233-+
作者:  Scudellari, Megan
收藏  |  浏览/下载：31/0  |  提交时间：2020/04/16

The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades(1,2), and it is expected to continue to be so(3). Although increases in glacier flow(4-6) and surface melting(7-9) have been driven by oceanic(10-12) and atmospheric(13,14) warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet'  s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet'  s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 +/- 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 +/- 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 +/- 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 +/- 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 +/- 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 +/- 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 +/- 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 +/- 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions(15) and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbr AE(16). Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario(17), which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate.


  
Embracing the complexity of extreme weather events when quantifying their likelihood of recurrence in a warming world 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (2)
作者:  Harrington, Luke J.;  Lewis, Sophie;  Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.;  King, Andrew D.;  Otto, Friederike E. L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：24/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
climate change  extreme events  attribution  time of maximum similarity  global temperatures  
Changing world extreme temperature statistics 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2018, 38 (5) : 2613-2617
作者:  Finkel, J. M.;  Katz, J. I.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：7/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
climate change  global warming  extreme temperatures  extreme temperature indices  
Changing US extreme temperature statistics 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2017, 37 (13)
作者:  Finkel, J. M.;  Katz, J. I.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：13/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
climate change  global warming  extreme temperatures  extreme temperature indices  
Future summer mega-heatwave and record-breaking temperatures in a warmer France climate 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2017, 12 (7)
作者:  Bador, Margot;  Terray, Laurent;  Boe, Julien;  Somot, Samuel;  Alias, Antoinette;  Gibelin, Anne-Laure;  Dubuisson, Brigitte
收藏  |  浏览/下载：43/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
future mega-heatwave  future extreme and record-breaking temperatures  temperature amplification by soil-atmosphere interactions  EURO-CORDEX regional climate model  CMIP5 global climate model  SQR observations of daily maximum temperature  spatial clustering of extreme events  
Additive effects of temperature and infection with an acanthocephalan parasite on the shredding activity of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda): the importance of aggregative behavior 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2017, 23 (4)
作者:  Labaude, Sophie;  Rigaud, Thierry;  Cezilly, Frank
收藏  |  浏览/下载：11/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
cumulative effects  freshwater ecosystem  gammarid  global change  keystone species  leaf litter decomposition  rising temperatures  stressor  thermal stress  trophic ecology