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Olfactory sniffing signals consciousness in unresponsive patients with brain injuries 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Hellmuth, Susanne;  Gomez-H, Laura;  Pendas, Alberto M.;  Stemmann, Olaf
收藏  |  浏览/下载:24/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

After severe brain injury, it can be difficult to determine the state of consciousness of a patient, to determine whether the patient is unresponsive or perhaps minimally conscious(1), and to predict whether they will recover. These diagnoses and prognoses are crucial, as they determine therapeutic strategies such as pain management, and can underlie end-of-life decisions(2,3). Nevertheless, there is an error rate of up to 40% in determining the state of consciousness in patients with brain injuries(4,5). Olfaction relies on brain structures that are involved in the basic mechanisms of arousal(6), and we therefore hypothesized that it may serve as a biomarker for consciousness(7). Here we use a non-verbal non-task-dependent measure known as the sniff response(8-11) to determine consciousness in patients with brain injuries. By measuring odorant-dependent sniffing, we gain a sensitive measure of olfactory function(10-15). We measured the sniff response repeatedly over time in patients with severe brain injuries and found that sniff responses significantly discriminated between unresponsive and minimally conscious states at the group level. Notably, at the single-patient level, if an unresponsive patient had a sniff response, this assured future regaining of consciousness. In addition, olfactory sniff responses were associated with long-term survival rates. These results highlight the importance of olfaction in human brain function, and provide an accessible tool that signals consciousness and recovery in patients with brain injuries.


Odorant-dependent sniff responses predicted the long-term survival rates of patients with severe brain injury, and discriminated between individuals who were unresponsive and in minimally conscious states.


  
Grizzly bear selection of recently harvested forests is dependent on forest recovery rate and landscape composition 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2019, 449
作者:  Kearney, Sean P.;  Coops, Nicholas C.;  Stenhouse, Gordon B.;  Nielsen, Scott E.;  Hermosilla, Txomin;  White, Joanne C.;  Wulder, Michael A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:21/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Ursus arctos  Landsat  Habitat selection  Forest recovery  Forest disturbance  Time series  Spectral recovery  
Hydrological Drought Instantaneous Propagation Speed Based on the Variable Motion Relationship of Speed-Time Process 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2018, 54 (11) : 9549-9565
作者:  Wu, Jiefeng;  Chen, Xiaohong;  Yao, Huaxia;  Liu, Zhiyong;  Zhang, Dejian
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
hydrological drought  drought propagation  propagation time  instantaneous development speed  instantaneous recovery speed  
Forest cover and disturbance changes, and their driving forces: A case study in the Ore Mountains, Czechia, heavily affected by anthropogenic acidic pollution in the second half of the 20th century 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2018, 13 (9)
作者:  Kupkova, L.;  Potuckova, M.;  Lhotakova, Z.;  Albrechtova, J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Landsat  time series analysis  air pollution  Disturbance Index  forest decline and recovery  mountainous forest ecosystems  Norway spruce  
Stream Runoff and Nitrate Recovery Times After Forest Disturbance in the USA and Japan 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2018, 54 (9) : 6042-6054
作者:  Oda, Tomoki;  Green, Mark B.;  Urakawa, Rieko;  Scanlon, Todd M.;  Sebestyen, Stephen D.;  McGuire, Kevin J.;  Katsuyama, Masanori;  Fukuzawa, Karibu;  Adams, Mary B.;  Ohte, Nobuhito
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
stream runoff  nitrate concentration  recovery time  forest disturbance  
Generalizing Agarwal's Method for the Interpretation of Recovery Tests Under Non-Ideal Conditions 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2018, 54 (9) : 6393-6407
作者:  Trabucchi, Michela;  Carrera, Jesus;  Fernandez-Garcia, Daniel
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
recovery test  time-dependent pumping rate  equivalent time  hydraulic properties  conceptual model  
Recovery time and state change of terrestrial carbon cycle after disturbance 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2017, 12 (10)
作者:  Fu, Zheng;  Li, Dejun;  Hararuk, Oleksandra;  Schwalm, Christopher;  Luo, Yiqi;  Yan, Liming;  Niu, Shuli
收藏  |  浏览/下载:20/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
state change  recovery time  carbon cycle  equilibrium state  global synthesis