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研究揭示升温1.5 ℃与2 ℃对全球干旱影响的差异 快报文章
气候变化快报，2020年第19期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：393/0  |  提交时间：2020/09/29
Aridity  Global warming  Differences  Regional Precipitation  
Patterns and trends of Northern Hemisphere snow mass from 1980 to 2018 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7808) : 294-+
作者:  Ibrahim, Nizar;  Maganuco, Simone;  Dal Sasso, Cristiano;  Fabbri, Matteo;  Auditore, Marco;  Bindellini, Gabriele;  Martill, David M.;  Zouhri, Samir;  Mattarelli, Diego A.;  Unwin, David M.;  Wiemann, Jasmina;  Bonadonna, Davide;  Amane, Ayoub;  Jakubczak, Juliana;  Joger, Ulrich;  Lauder, George V.;  Pierce, Stephanie E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：33/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/25

Warming surface temperatures have driven a substantial reduction in the extent and duration of Northern Hemisphere snow cover(1-3). These changes in snow cover affect Earth'  s climate system via the surface energy budget, and influence freshwater resources across a large proportion of the Northern Hemisphere(4-6). In contrast to snow extent, reliable quantitative knowledge on seasonal snow mass and its trend is lacking(7-9). Here we use the new GlobSnow 3.0 dataset to show that the 1980-2018 annual maximum snow mass in the Northern Hemisphere was, on average, 3,062 +/- 35 billion tonnes (gigatonnes). Our quantification is for March (the month that most closely corresponds to peak snow mass), covers non-alpine regions above 40 degrees N and, crucially, includes a bias correction based on in-field snow observations. We compare our GlobSnow 3.0 estimates with three independent estimates of snow mass, each with and without the bias correction. Across the four datasets, the bias correction decreased the range from 2,433-3,380 gigatonnes (mean 2,867) to 2,846-3,062 gigatonnes (mean 2,938)-a reduction in uncertainty from 33% to 7.4%. On the basis of our bias-corrected GlobSnow 3.0 estimates, we find different continental trends over the 39-year satellite record. For example, snow mass decreased by 46 gigatonnes per decade across North America but had a negligible trend across Eurasia  both continents exhibit high regional variability. Our results enable a better estimation of the role of seasonal snow mass in Earth'  s energy, water and carbon budgets.


Applying a bias correction to a state-of-the-art dataset covering non-alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere and to three other datasets yields a more constrained quantification of snow mass in March from 1980 to 2018.


  
The Interplay of Recent Vegetation and Sea Ice Dynamics-Results From a Regional Earth System Model Over the Arctic 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 47 (6)
作者:  Zhang, W.;  Doscher, R.;  Koenigk, T.;  Miller, P. A.;  Jansson, C.;  Samuelsson, P.;  Wu, M.;  Smith, B.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：23/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/02
Sea ice  Vegetation feedback  Arctic  Climatic warming  Regional climate modelling  Coupled  
Projected changes in extreme warm and cold temperatures in China from 1.5 to 5 degrees C global warming 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019
作者:  Hu, Ting;  Sun, Ying
收藏  |  浏览/下载：18/0  |  提交时间：2020/02/17
global warming levels  regional changes  risk ratio  temperature extremes  
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 233-+
作者:  Scudellari, Megan
收藏  |  浏览/下载：31/0  |  提交时间：2020/04/16

The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades(1,2), and it is expected to continue to be so(3). Although increases in glacier flow(4-6) and surface melting(7-9) have been driven by oceanic(10-12) and atmospheric(13,14) warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet'  s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet'  s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 +/- 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 +/- 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 +/- 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 +/- 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 +/- 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 +/- 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 +/- 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 +/- 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions(15) and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbr AE(16). Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario(17), which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate.


  
Causes of future Mediterranean precipitation decline depend on the season 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (11)
作者:  Brogli, Roman;  Sorland, Silje Lund;  Kroner, Nico;  Schar, Christoph
收藏  |  浏览/下载：16/0  |  提交时间：2020/02/17
pseudo-global warming  subtropical precipitation decline  European regional climate modeling  climate change drivers  water stress  land-ocean contrast  circulation changes  
The brighter side of climate change: How local oceanography amplified a lobster boom in the Gulf of Maine 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (11) : 3906-3917
作者:  Goode, Andrew G.;  Brady, Damian C.;  Steneck, Robert S.;  Wahle, Richard A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：19/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
American lobster  biological thresholds  climate change  ocean warming  regional oceanography  thermal habitat  
Role of Arabian Sea warming on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in a regional climate model 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019
作者:  Mishra, Alok K.;  Dwivedi, Suneet;  Das, Sushant
收藏  |  浏览/下载：22/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
Arabian Sea warming  Indian summer monsoon rainfall  regional climate model  
2018 summer extreme temperatures in South Korea and their intensification under 3 degrees C global warming 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (9)
作者:  Im, Eun-Soon;  Nguyen-Xuan Thanh;  Kim, Young-Hyun;  Ahn, Joong-Bae
收藏  |  浏览/下载：14/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
fine-scale climate projections  dynamical downscaling  2018 Korean heatwaves  regional impacts of global warming  intensified future heat stress  
Passive survivability of buildings under changing urban climates across eight US cities 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (7)
作者:  Baniassadi, Amir;  Sailor, David J.;  Krayenhoff, E. Scott;  Broadbent, Ashley M.;  Georgescu, Matei
收藏  |  浏览/下载：15/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27
climate change  urban warming  indoor thermal comfort  indoor heat exposure  building energy codes  building energy efficiency  regional climate simulation