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DOI | 10.1029/2019GL082774 |
Evaluating the Updip Extent of Large Megathrust Ruptures Using P-coda Levels | |
Lay, Thorne; Rhode, Andrea | |
2019-05-28 | |
发表期刊 | GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
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ISSN | 0094-8276 |
EISSN | 1944-8007 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 46期号:10页码:5198-5206 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | When slip at shallow depth occurs during large subduction zone thrust events, P wave energy enters the water layer and establishes pwP, the reverberating waves called "water bounces" that follow pP. For water depths >= 5-6 km (i.e., near the trench) above the shallow slip, pwP manifests in a strong -10-s period ringing that can persist for minutes into the teleseismic P wave coda at all azimuths. Deeper slip can generate shorter-period pwP ringing at trenchward azimuths. At large distances, P-coda windows have several-minute-long intervals free of secondary arrivals. We consider rmsP(coda)/rmsP amplitude ratios at distances from 80 degrees to 120 degrees as a potential proxy for occurrence of shallow slip for 39 M-W 7.5+ megathrust earthquakes from 1990 to 2016 with estimated slip distributions. Ratios for the 15- to 7-s-period band have a strong bimodal distribution, with higher average P-coda/P amplitudes observed for ruptures with slip extending to shallow depth. Plain Language Summary We establish a feature of teleseismic signals that indicates occurrence of slip at shallow depth near the trench for large subduction zone underthrusting earthquakes. This is valuable for rapid assessment of tsunami excitation, augmented for an event of given seismic moment by shallow faulting under deep water. The feature that is explored involves generation of ringing coda in the P wavefield for near-trench slip, associated with acoustic reverberations (pwP) in the deep ocean layer above the slip zone. Essentially, slip on the shallow plate boundary generates booming 10-s-period sounds that can be observed teleseismically at all azimuths. Deeper slip generates shorter-period sounds preferentially observed seaward of the slip. By measuring the relative signal power in the P wave coda compared to the direct P wave in the 15- to 7-s-period band, a simple proxy for whether slip occurred at shallow depth is obtained. This is calibrated using 39 major underthrusting events for which the slip distribution is known independently. Higher Pcoda/P amplitudes indicate at least some shallow slip during the rupture, which can be useful for rapid tsunami warning and for evaluating the updip limit of faulting of historic and modern earthquakes to aid in earthquake hazard assessment. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000471237500022 |
WOS关键词 | SEPTEMBER 2015 ILLAPEL ; SUBDUCTION ZONE ; TSUNAMI EARTHQUAKE ; FAULT SLIP ; BODY WAVES ; TRENCH ; CHILE ; INVERSION ; MAULE |
WOS类目 | Geosciences, Multidisciplinary |
WOS研究方向 | Geology |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/183385 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lay, Thorne,Rhode, Andrea. Evaluating the Updip Extent of Large Megathrust Ruptures Using P-coda Levels[J]. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2019,46(10):5198-5206. |
APA | Lay, Thorne,&Rhode, Andrea.(2019).Evaluating the Updip Extent of Large Megathrust Ruptures Using P-coda Levels.GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,46(10),5198-5206. |
MLA | Lay, Thorne,et al."Evaluating the Updip Extent of Large Megathrust Ruptures Using P-coda Levels".GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 46.10(2019):5198-5206. |
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