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DOI | 10.1029/2018JD029040 |
Generation of Seed Electrons by Extensive Air Showers, and the Lightning Inception Problem Including Narrow Bipolar Events | |
Rutjes, Casper1; Ebert, Ute1,2; Buitink, Stijn3; Scholten, Olaf3,4; Thi Ngoc Gia Trinh4,5 | |
2019-07-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 124期号:13页码:7255-7269 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Netherlands; Belgium; Vietnam |
英文摘要 | Lightning streamers and leaders need thermal electrons to initiate, but free electrons are extremely rare in the wet air of a thundercloud. Here we analyze the probabilities that high electron densities occur in extensive air showers. We argue that relevant air showers are created by cosmic particles with energies between 10(15) and 10(17)eV impinging onto our atmosphere. We simulate a large number of air showers and perform a stochastic analysis of their results. We present the available densities of thermal electrons as a function of altitude, time interval, and considered area, while neglecting effects of local electric fields. We find that free electron densities at altitudes between 5 and 13km can reach values of order 10(3)cm(-3), but only in shower cores with a radius on a centimeter scale. Above 6km, the availability of extreme free electron densities decreases significantly with increasing altitude. Recent measurements by Rison et al. (2016, ) indicate that several streamers must have been triggered simultaneously during discharge inception, and we suggest that an extensive air shower could have been the trigger. Rison's measurements show further that the streamers are laterally separated by several tens of meters, so they must have been triggered by electron densities as low as 1cm(-3). Such low electron densities demand a stochastic approach to streamer initiation near hydrometeors. |
英文关键词 | lightning hydrometeors lightning inception thundercloud electron seed |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000477580200035 |
WOS关键词 | INITIATION ; IONIZATION ; DISTRIBUTIONS ; UNIVERSALITY ; HYDROMETEORS ; ENERGY ; CORONA |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/185145 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.CWI, Multiscale Dynam Grp, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 2.Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Eindhoven, Netherlands; 3.Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Phys, Brussels, Belgium; 4.Univ Groningen, KVI CART, Groningen, Netherlands; 5.Can Tho Univ, Sch Educ, Dept Phys, Can Tho, Vietnam |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Rutjes, Casper,Ebert, Ute,Buitink, Stijn,et al. Generation of Seed Electrons by Extensive Air Showers, and the Lightning Inception Problem Including Narrow Bipolar Events[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2019,124(13):7255-7269. |
APA | Rutjes, Casper,Ebert, Ute,Buitink, Stijn,Scholten, Olaf,&Thi Ngoc Gia Trinh.(2019).Generation of Seed Electrons by Extensive Air Showers, and the Lightning Inception Problem Including Narrow Bipolar Events.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,124(13),7255-7269. |
MLA | Rutjes, Casper,et al."Generation of Seed Electrons by Extensive Air Showers, and the Lightning Inception Problem Including Narrow Bipolar Events".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 124.13(2019):7255-7269. |
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