“Forest mismanagement” misleads

doi:10.1126/science.abe9647

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abe9647
	“Forest mismanagement” misleads
	Mark W. Schwartz; James H. Thorne; Brandon M Collins; Peter A. Stine
	2020-10-23
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	Politicians ([ 1 ][1]) and journalists ([ 2 ][2]) have attributed the increased size and intensity of U.S. western wildfires to “forest mismanagement,” an ambiguous term that implicates resource managers. To reduce the risk of damage from wildfires, we must understand the constraints on responsible forest management and work to overcome them. Resource managers face a range of obstacles to science-based solutions to extreme wildfire. Harvesting trees remains both ecologically problematic and socially unpopular ([ 3 ][3]). Removing dense, small, low-value trees requires economic subsidies ([ 4 ][4]). Biomass production struggles to become economically viable ([ 5 ][5]). Let-burn wildfire policies carry risks ([ 6 ][6]). Intentionally set, prescribed fires face regulatory hurdles from smoke-generated pollution ([ 6 ][6]). Increasing any active management option faces economic, social, and regulatory barriers. In addition, wildfire is not just a conifer forest issue. Most of California's largest and most damaging wildfires have been in regions dominated by non-forested habitats ([ 7 ][7]) and lacking in commercial timber operations ([ 5 ][5], [ 8 ][8]). Attributing recent wildfires to “forest mismanagement” fails to acknowledge the limits of forest resource managers in addressing the full range of fires. Meanwhile, U.S. public land management agencies are budget starved. Appropriated Forest Service budgets over the past 25 years have shifted from proactive forest management to reactive fire operations ([ 9 ][9]). To empower resource managers to implement evidence-based policies, legislators must provide agencies with funds to support management actions at sufficient scales. The state of California and the U.S. Forest Service recently made progress by signing a memorandum of understanding that would expand forest treatments to 1,000,000 acres/year ([ 10 ][10]). However, successfully addressing wildfires will require rethinking our social responses to forest management. We may have to embrace increased timber operations, accept more smoke, and modify built communities to tolerate fire as a natural ecosystem process. Labeling a complicated decision-making process as “forest mismanagement” oversimplifies, obfuscates, and politicizes an issue that we cannot afford to misunderstand. 1. [↵][11]1. R. Ayesh , “Oregon governor: Wildfires are result of climate change and forest mismanagement,” Axios (2020). 2. [↵][12]“California's disastrous forest mismanagement,” National Review (2020). 3. [↵][13]1. T. A. Spies et al ., Tech. Coords., “Synthesis of science to inform land management within the Northwest Forest Plan area,” Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-966 [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2018]. 4. [↵][14]1. D. Calkin, 2. K. Gebert , West. J. Appl. For. 21, 217 (2006). [OpenUrl][15] 5. [↵][16]1. C. P. McIver et al ., “California's forest products industry and timber harvest, 2012,” Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-908 (USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2015). 6. [↵][17]1. R. Akhtar 1. D. Schweizer et al ., in Extreme Weather Events and Human Health, R. Akhtar, Ed. (Springer International Publishing, 2020), pp. 41–58. 7. [↵][18]1. A. D. Syphard, 2. J. E. Keeley , Int. J. Wildl. Fire 29, 595 (2020). [OpenUrl][19] 8. [↵][20]USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin PNW, no. 35 (1970). 9. [↵][21]USDA Forest Service, “The rising cost of wildfire operations, effects on the Forest Service's non-fire work” (2015). 10. [↵][22]State of California, “Agreement for Shared Stewardship of California's Forest and Rangelands Between the State of California and the USDA, Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region” (2020); [www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/8.12.20-CA-Shared-Stewardship-MOU.pdf][23]. P.A.S. is a part-time employee of the National Older Workers Career Center, which is part of the Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services Program at the Natural Resources Conservation Services under USDA. He is working on a project funded by the Forest Service. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-8 [9]: #ref-9 [10]: #ref-10 [11]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [12]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [13]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [15]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DWest.%2BJ.%2BAppl.%2BFor.%26rft.volume%253D21%26rft.spage%253D217%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [16]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [17]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [18]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [19]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DInt.%2BJ.%2BWildl.%2BFire%26rft.volume%253D29%26rft.spage%253D595%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [20]: #xref-ref-8-1 "View reference 8 in text" [21]: #xref-ref-9-1 "View reference 9 in text" [22]: #xref-ref-10-1 "View reference 10 in text" [23]: http://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/8.12.20-CA-Shared-Stewardship-MOU.pdf
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/300274
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mark W. Schwartz,James H. Thorne,Brandon M Collins,等. “Forest mismanagement” misleads[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Mark W. Schwartz,James H. Thorne,Brandon M Collins,&Peter A. Stine.(2020).“Forest mismanagement” misleads.Science.
MLA	Mark W. Schwartz,et al."“Forest mismanagement” misleads".Science (2020).